{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:31:37Z","timestamp":1793428297272,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Comprehensive disease surveillance has not been conducted in elk (Cervus canadensis) in Tennessee, US, since their reintroduction to the state 20 yr ago. We identified causes of death, estimated annual survival, and identified pathogens of concern in elk at the North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area (NCWMA), Tennessee, US. In 2019 and 2020, we captured 29 elk (21 females, eight males) using chemical immobilization and fitted individuals with GPS collars with mortality sensors. Elk that died between February 2019 and February 2022 were necropsied to identify causes of death; these included disease associated with meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis; n=3), poaching (n=1), vehicular collision (n=1), legal hunter harvest (n=1), and unknown due to carcass degradation (n=3). Using data from GPS collars and known-fate survival models, we estimated an average yearly survival rate of 80.2%, indicating that survival had not significantly increased from soon after elk reintroduction (79.9%). We collected blood, tissue, feces, and ectoparasites opportunistically from anesthetized elk for health surveillance. We identified lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum; n=53, 85.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 73.72\u201392.75), American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis; n=8, 12.9%; 95% CI, 6.13\u201324.40), and black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis; n=1, 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.08\u20139.83). We detected evidence of exposure to Anaplasma marginale (100%; 95% CI, 84.50\u2013100.00), Leptospira interrogans (70.4%; 95% CI, 49.66\u201385.50), Toxoplasma gondii (55.6%; 95% CI, 35.64\u201373.96), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (51.9%; 95% CI, 32.35\u201370.84), and Theileria cervi (25.9%; 95% CI, 11.78\u201346.59). Johne's disease (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis) is potentially established within the population, but has not been previously documented in eastern elk populations. Disease associated with P. tenuis was a primary cause of death, and more research is needed to understand its ecology and epidemiology. Research to determine population implications of other detected pathogens at the NCWMA is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T09:27:06Z","timestamp":1688117226000},"page":"420-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MORTALITY, SURVIVAL, AND SEROLOGIC RESULTS FOR ELK (CERVUS CANADENSIS) IN THE CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS OF TENNESSEE, USA"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Kurth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, 427 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eryn M.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, 427 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Gerhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, A201 Veterinary Medical Center, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dailee L.","family":"Metts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, 427 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad F.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, 609 Titus Hollow Road, Pioneer, Tennessee 37847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana J.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Thompson Hall, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigetoshi","family":"Eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, 427 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-I","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, 427 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa I.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, 427 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"16","unstructured":"JP. 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A review of 48 countries.\" 198 (2019)"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Yabsley, WR Davidson, DE Stallknecht, et al.  \"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.\"  5, \"Evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from the western United States.\" 351 (2005a)","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.351"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Yabsley, TC Quick, SE Little,  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  41, \"Theileriosis in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn.\" 806 (2005b)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.4.806"},{"key":"58","unstructured":"A Zajac  and GA Conboy  \"Veterinary clinical parasitology.\"  354 (2012)"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G Xu, TN Mather, CS Hollingsworth, et al.  \"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.\"  16, \"Passive surveillance of Ixodes scapularis (Say), their biting activity, and associated pathogens in Massachusetts.\" 520 (2016)","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1912"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:42:13Z","timestamp":1793425333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-59\/issue-3\/JWD-D-22-00099\/MORTALITY-SURVIVAL-AND-SEROLOGIC-RESULTS-FOR-ELK-CERVUS-CANADENSIS-IN\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00099.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]}}}