{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:31:17Z","timestamp":1793424677134,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian bornavirus (ABV) is known to infect at least 80 avian species and is associated with avian bornaviral ganglioneuritis (ABG). Avian bornaviral ganglioneuritis is characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the nervous tissue, mainly affecting the nerves that supply the gastrointestinal tract of birds. This disease is diagnosed commonly in psittacines under human care and has been demonstrated in wild bird species; however, its occurrence in raptors is largely unknown. Because of the commonality of ABV in the pet bird population, there is concern about the spread of this virus to other companion avian species, such as falconry birds, as well as wildlife. This prospective study used reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to survey free-ranging Colorado and Wyoming, US, raptor populations for ABV. Quantitative PCR was performed on mixed conjunctival-choanal-cloacal swabs collected from live birds (n=139). In dead birds, a combination of mixed swabs (n=265) and tissue samples of the brain (n=258), heart (n=162), adrenal glands (n=162), liver (n=162), kidney (n=139), spinal cord (n=139), and brachial plexus (n=139) were evaluated. All 1,565 swab and tissue samples RT-qPCR results from the 404 birds evaluated were negative. Based on these results and a lack of clinical signs suggestive of ABG, ABV is likely not a prevalent pathogen in Colorado and Wyoming raptor populations at this time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T02:13:37Z","timestamp":1705025617000},"page":"164-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surveillance for Avian Bornavirus in Colorado and Wyoming, USA, Raptor Populations"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jayne S.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branson W.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, 110 Riverbend Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"McHale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, 110 Riverbend Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda J.","family":"Sadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Lierz, HM Hafez, KS Honkavuori, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  38, \"Anatomical distribution of avian bornavirus in parrots, its occurrence in clinically healthy birds and ABV-antibody detection.\" 491 (2009)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450903349238"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Rinder, A Ackermann, H Kempf, et al.  \"J Virol.\"  83, \"Broad tissue and cell tropism of avian bornavirus in parrots with proventricular dilatation disease.\" 5401 (2009)","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00133-09"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SL Payne, P Delnatte, J Guo, et al.  \"Anim Health Res Rev.\"  13, \"Birds and bornaviruses.\" 145 (2012)","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252312000205"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SL. Boatright-Horowitz,  \"Vet Med Int.\"  2020, \"Avian bornaviral ganglioneuritis: Current debates and unanswered questions.\" 6563723 (2020)","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6563723"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Delnatte, E Nagy, D Ojkic, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  50, \"Avian bornavirus in free-ranging waterfowl: Prevalence of antibodies and cloacal shedding of viral RNA.\" 512 (2014)","DOI":"10.7589\/2013-08-218"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RC Gregory, KS Latimer, FD Niagro, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  8, \"A review of proventricular dilatation syndrome.\" 69 (1994)","DOI":"10.2307\/27671120"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Hoppes, PL Gray, S Payne, et al.  \"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  13, \"The isolation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, transmission, and control of avian bornavirus and proventricular dilatation disease.\" 495 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2010.05.014"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SM Hoppes, I Tizard, HL Shivaprasad,  \"J Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  16, \"Avian bornavirus and proventricular dilatation disease: Diagnostics, pathology, prevalence, and control.\" 339 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2013.01.004"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"J. Meisle,  \"Animal Medical Center of Corona.\"  \"Current research and advances in avian bornaviruses and proventricular dilatation disease (avian bornaviral ganglioneuritis) for veterinary professionals.\" (2019)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NA Philadelpho, D Rubbenstroth, MB Guimar\u00e3es, et al.  \"J Vet Microbiol.\"  174, \"Survey of bornaviruses in pet psittacines in Brazil reveals a novel parrot bornavirus.\" 584 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.10.020"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Raghav, M Taylor, J Delay, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  22, \"Avian bornavirus is present in many tissues of psittacine birds with histopathologic evidence of proventricular dilatation disease.\" 495 (2010)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200402"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Rossi, RD Dahlhausen, L Galosi, et al.  \"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  21, \"Avian ganglioneuritis in clinical practice.\" 33 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2017.08.009"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Tizard, HL Shivaprasad, J Guo, et al.  \"Anim Health Res Rev.\"  17, \"The pathogenesis of proventricular dilatation disease.\" 110 (2016)","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252316000189"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:47:36Z","timestamp":1793422056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-60\/issue-1\/JWD-D-22-00118\/Surveillance-for-Avian-Bornavirus-in-Colorado-and-Wyoming-USA-Raptor\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00118.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]}}}