{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:31:15Z","timestamp":1793424675295,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus that infects elk (Cervus canadensis) and cattle (Bos taurus). There is the potential for transmission from wildlife to livestock through contact with infected material shed during abortions or live births. To understand the impact of exposure on pregnancy rates we captured 30\u2013100 elk per year from 2011 through 2020, testing their blood for serologic exposure to B. abortus. Predicted pregnancy rates for seropositive animals were 9.6% lower in prime-age (2.5\u201315.5 yr; 85%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 74\u201391%) and 37.7% lower in old (&gt;15.5 yr; 43%, 95% CI: 19\u201371%) elk as compared with seronegative animals. To understand the risk of seropositive elk shedding B. abortus bacteria and the effects of exposure on elk reproductive performance, we conducted a 5-yr longitudinal study monitoring 30 seropositive elk. We estimated the annual probability of a seropositive elk having an abortion as 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02\u20130.15). We detected B. abortus at three abortions and two live births, using a combination of culture and PCR testing. The predicted probability of a pregnant seropositive elk shedding B. abortus during an abortion or live birth was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.04\u20130.19). To understand what proportion of seropositive elk harbored live B. abortus bacteria in their tissues, we euthanized seropositive elk at the end of 5 yr of monitoring and sampled tissues for B. abortus. Assuming perfect detection, the predicted probability of a seropositive elk having B. abortus in at least one tissue was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.06\u20130.43). The transmission risk seropositive elk pose is mitigated by decreased pregnancy rates, low probability of abortion events, low probability of shedding at live birth events, and reasonably low probability of B. abortus in tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T02:14:01Z","timestamp":1705025641000},"page":"52-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["REPRODUCTIVE FATE OF BRUCELLOSIS-SEROPOSITIVE ELK (CERVUS CANADENSIS): IMPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE TRANSMISSION RISK"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Proffitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Almberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 490 North Meridian Road, Kalispell, Montana 59901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"34","unstructured":"\"R: A language and environment for statistical computing.\"  (2022)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Brennan, PC Cross, K Portacci, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  12, \"Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk.\" e0178780 (2017)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178780"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DR Eacker, PM Lukacs, KM Proffitt, et al.  \"Ecol Appl.\"  27, \"Assessing the importance of demographic parameters for population dynamics using Bayesian integrated population modeling.\" 1280 (2017)","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1521"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PL Kamath, JT Foster, KP Drees, et al.  \"Nat Commun.\"  7, \"Genomics reveals historic and contemporary transmission dynamics of a bacterial disease among wildlife and livestock.\" 11448 (2016)","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11448"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ET Thorne, JK Morton, FM Blunt, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  14, \"Brucellosis in elk. 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\"Korean J Vet Res.\"  56, \"Isolation and characterization of Brucella abortus isolates from wildlife species in South Korea.\" 147 (2016)","DOI":"10.14405\/kjvr.2016.56.3.147"},{"key":"40","unstructured":"JM Vore  and EM Schmidt  \"Wildl Soc Bull.\"  29, \"Movements of female elk during calving season in northwest Montana.\" 720 (2001)"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Yang, JP Gomez, CG Haase, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  55, \"Effects of brucellosis serologic status on physiology and behavior of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) in southwestern Montana, USA.\" 304 (2019)","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-01-011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:47:53Z","timestamp":1793422073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-60\/issue-1\/JWD-D-22-00123\/REPRODUCTIVE-FATE-OF-BRUCELLOSIS-SEROPOSITIVE-ELK-CERVUS-CANADENSIS--IMPLICATIONS\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00123.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]}}}