{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:31:38Z","timestamp":1793428298250,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We captured a &lt;1-d-old male elk calf (Cervus canadensis) with a shortened neck. Postmortem examination revealed trauma, meconium aspiration syndrome, and cervical vertebral malformation (partial fusion and narrowed disc spaces). This observation is novel in a wild elk calf, although the gross lesions resembled complex vertebral malformation in neonatal cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T09:28:43Z","timestamp":1688117323000},"page":"532-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Congenital Vertebral Malformation in a Neonatal Elk (Cervus canadensis) in Kentucky, USA"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, 105 T. P. Cooper Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan D.","family":"Hooven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, 105 T. P. Cooper Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Hast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bear and Elk Program, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, 1 Sportsman's Lane, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Health Program, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, 1 Sportsman's Lane, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisia","family":"Weyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, 105 T. P. Cooper Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, 105 T. P. Cooper Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JL Corn, ME Cartwright, KJ Alexy, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  46, \"Surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in Arkansas and Kentucky.\" 186 (2010)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.1.186"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LL Wolfe, ME Wood, P Nol, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  53, \"The efficacy of nalbuphine, medetomidine, and azaperone in immobilizing American bison (Bison bison).\" 304 (2017)","DOI":"10.7589\/2016-05-107"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"KB. Livezey,  \"Wildl Soc Bull.\"  18, \"Toward the reduction of marking-induced abandonment of newborn ungulates.\" 193 (1990)"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JS Agerholm, C Bendixen, O Andersen, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn.\"  13, \"Complex vertebral malformation in Holstein calves.\" 283 (2001)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870101300401"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JS Agerholm, M Hewicker-Trautwein, K Peperkamp, et al.  \"Acta Vet Scand.\"  57, \"Virus-induced congenital malformations in cattle.\" 54 (2015)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-015-0145-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MW Barrett  and GA Chalmers  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  11, \"Congenital anomalies in a neonatal white-tailed deer in Alberta.\" 497 (1975)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-11.4.497"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CJ Bishop, DJ Freddy, GC White, et al.  \"J Wildl Manag.\"  71, \"Using vaginal implant transmitters to aid in capture of mule deer neonates.\" 945 (2007)","DOI":"10.2193\/2006-123"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IM. Cowan,  \"Can J Res.\"  24, \"Parasites, diseases, injuries, and anomalies of the Columbian black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson), in British Columbia.\" 71 (1946)","DOI":"10.1139\/cjr46d-007"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GJ D'Angelo, L Cornicelli, CE Clarkson, et al.  \"Am Midl Nat.\"  179, \"Conjoined white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns.\" 299 (2018)","DOI":"10.1674\/0003-0031-179.2.299"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GD DelGiudice, WJ Severud, TR Obermoller, et al.  \"J Mamm.\"  96, \"Monitoring movement behavior enhances recognition and understanding of capture-induced abandonment of moose neonates.\" 1005 (2015)","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyv105"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"B Erol, K Kusumi, J Lou, et al.  \"Univ Pa Orthop J.\"  15, \"Etiology of congenital scoliosis.\" 37 (2002)"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE. Johnson,  \"J Wildl Manag.\"  15, \"Biology of the elk calf, Cervus canadensis nelsoni.\" 396 (1951)","DOI":"10.2307\/3796583"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RC. Lacy,  \"J Mamm.\"  78, \"Importance of genetic variation to the viability of mammalian populations.\" 320 (1997)","DOI":"10.2307\/1382885"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"S Line  and A Dart  \"Merck veterinary manual.\"  \"Congenital and inherited anomalies in animals.\" (2020)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Mota-Rojas, J Martinez-Burnes, D Villanueva-Garcia, et al.  \"Vet Med (Praha).\"  57, \"Animal welfare in the newborn piglet: A review.\" 338 (2012)","DOI":"10.17221\/6262-VETMED"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KE Panter, KD Welch, DR Gardner, et al.  \"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today.\"  99, \"Poisonous plants: Effects on embryo and fetal development.\" 223 (2013)","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21053"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"\"Blood collection guidelines.\"  (2022)"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JL Youngmann, RW Deyoung, S Demarais, et al.  \"J Wildl Manag.\"  84, \"Genetic characteristics of restored elk populations in Kentucky.\" 515 (2020)","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.21817"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:42:19Z","timestamp":1793425339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-59\/issue-3\/JWD-D-22-00126\/Congenital-Vertebral-Malformation-in-a-Neonatal-Elk-Cervus-canadensis-in\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00126.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00126","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]}}}