{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:33:31Z","timestamp":1793424811085,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Twenty-four American white ibis (Eudocimus albus) nestlings were collected in Florida (USA) on 17 April 2017 to establish a captive flock. On 7 May 2017, three birds died suddenly, following severe lethargy, hemorrhaging from the mouth and nares, anorexia, and production of bright-green colored feces. An additional ibis with delayed growth and pathological fractures was euthanized 18 May 2017. Severe ventriculitis associated with Macrorhabdus ornithogaster was noted in all four birds, bacterial sepsis was confirmed in one bird by culture and histologic examination, and bacterial endotoxemia was suspected in two birds based on gross and histologic examination, but no bacteria were isolated from these birds. Birds also had vitamin E liver levels consistent with coagulopathy previously described in pelicans. We sampled feces from 91 adult, free-living, healthy ibis in Florida in July 2017 and found 71% were shedding organisms with morphologic characteristics consistent with Macrorhabdus sp. Molecular characterization of the ibis-origin M. ornithogaster showed it was phylogenetically related to numerous M. ornithogaster sequences. It is unknown if M. ornithogaster infection resulted in clinical disease as a result of dietary or stress-related dysbiosis, or other factors. Macrorhabdus-associated disease has not previously been confirmed in wading birds. We discuss potential associations of gastric M. ornithogaster infection with morbidity and mortality in these cases and highlight the need for additional studies on this pathogen in free-living birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T06:28:18Z","timestamp":1698128898000},"page":"759-766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Acute Mortality Event Associated with Novel Macrorhabdus ornithogaster Infection and Underlying Factors in a Newly-Established Captive Group of American White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) Nestlings"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sonia M.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon E.","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen H.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Hoopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branson","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Adkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Ethan","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor J.","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Yabsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Howerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr., College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Gottdenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr., College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DN. Phalen,  \"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  17, \"Update on the diagnosis and management of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (formerly megabacteria) in avian patients.\" 203 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2014.01.005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Kumar, G Stecher, K Tamura,  \"Mol Biol Evol.\"  33, \"MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets.\" 1870 (2016)","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. 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Phalen,  \"Clinical avian medicine.\"  2, \"Implications of Macrorhabdus in clinical disorders.\" (2010)"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"T Piasecki, S Prochowska, Z Celmer, et al.  \"Medycyna Weterynaryjna.\"  68, \"Occurrence of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster in exotic and wild birds in Poland.\" 245 (2012)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Rodrigues  and M Choct  \"Poultry Sci.\"  97, \"The foregut and its manipulation via feeding practices in the chicken.\" 3188 (2018)","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey191"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A S\u00fcnder, I Halle, G Flachowsky,  \"Arch Anim Nutr.\"  52, \"Vitamin E hypervitaminosis in laying hens.\" 185 (1999)","DOI":"10.1080\/17450399909386161"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EK Tomaszewski, KS Loga, KF Snowden, et al.  \"Int J Sys Evol Microbiol.\"  53, \"Phylogenetic analysis identifies the \u2018megabacterium\u2019 of birds as a novel anamorphic ascomycetous yeast, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster gen. nov., sp. nov.\" 1201 (2003)","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02514-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:13:17Z","timestamp":1793423597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-59\/issue-4\/JWD-D-22-00141\/An-Acute-Mortality-Event-Associated-with-Novel-Macrorhabdus-ornithogaster-Infection\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00141.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00141","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}}}