{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:33:34Z","timestamp":1793424814650,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequency of arthropod-borne viral disease in na\u00efve hosts is subject to change based on complex interactions among vector, host, virus, and external factors (e.g., climate). Thus, continual monitoring for both disease susceptibility and host infection dynamics is needed, especially for viruses that have proven detrimental to the health of wildlife hosts of conservation concern. The Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a gamebird of ecological and economic importance in the western United States for which population declines have led to a Near Threatened conservation status. Although these declines have mainly been attributed to habitat loss, West Nile virus (WNV) also poses a threat, with regional transmission potentially fueled by anthropogenic landscape alterations that may facilitate mosquito breeding. With limited WNV monitoring in Greater Sage-grouse after recognition of high susceptibility to mortality early after its initial detection in the western United States, the potential long-term impacts of WNV on this species are poorly understood. We used the plaque reduction neutralization test of filter paper strip\u2013eluted sera to assess for anti-WNV antibodies, indicating prior infection, in opportunistically collected samples. From 2020 to 2022, 85 Greater Sage-grouse in Wyoming were sampled; none had anti-WNV antibodies. This result corroborates findings of previous studies documenting low seroprevalence. With the tenuous conservation status of the species, all potential population health risks should be considered in future management strategies, especially in the face of changing climate and landscapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T06:51:28Z","timestamp":1698130288000},"page":"774-779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using Opportunistic Samples to Monitor West Nile Virus Infection Status in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Wyoming, USA (2020\u201322)"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Samantha E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie R.","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NM Nemeth, LM Williams, AM Bosco-Lauth, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  57, \"West Nile virus infection in Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) in Pennsylvania, USA: A multi-year comparison of statewide serosurveys and vector indices.\" 51 (2021)","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-19-00016"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CL Roy, M Carstensen, K LaSharr, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  58, \"West Nile virus exposure and infection among hunter-harvested ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) cohorts in a stable population.\" 30 (2022)","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-21-00018"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Clark, J Hall, R McLean, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  42, \"Susceptibility of Greater Sage-grouse to experimental infection with West Nile virus.\" 14 (2006)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-42.1.14"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RJ Dusek, CA Hagen, JC Franson, et al.  \"Wildl Soc Bull.\"  38, \"Utilizing hunter harvest effort to survey for wildlife disease: A case study of West Nile virus in Greater Sage-grouse.\" 721 (2014)","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.472"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE Naugle, CL Aldridge, BL Walker, et al.  \"Ecol Lett.\"  7, \"West Nile virus: Pending crisis for Greater Sage-grouse.\" 704 (2004)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00631.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NM Nemeth, AM Bosco-Lauth, LM Williams, et al.  \"Vet Pathol.\"  54, \"West Nile virus infection in Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus): Experimental infection and protective effects of vaccination.\" 901 (2017)","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817717770"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NL Sinai, PS Coates, KM Andrle, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  53, \"A serosurvey of Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Nevada, USA.\" 136 (2017)","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-10-285"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BL Walker, DE Naugle, KE Doherty, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  51, \"West Nile virus and Greater Sage-grouse: Estimating infection rate in a wild bird population.\" 691 (2007)","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2007)51[691:WNVAGS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"I Rochlin, A Faraji, K Healy, et al.  \"J Med Entomol.\"  56, \"West Nile virus mosquito vectors in North America.\" 1475 (2019)","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz146"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WK. 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Paz,  \"Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci.\"  340, \"Climate change impacts on West Nile transmission in a global context.\" 20130561 (2015)","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0561"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Schroeder, CL Aldridge, AD Apa, et al.  \"Condor.\"  106, \"Distribution of sage-grouse in North America.\" 363 (2004)","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/106.2.363"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Schroeder, JR Young, CE Braun,  \"Birds of the World.\"  \"Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus).\" (2020)","DOI":"10.2173\/bow.saggro.01"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BL Walker  and DE Naugle  \"Greater sage-grouse: ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats.\"  \"West Nile virus ecology in sagebrush habitat and impacts on Greater-sage grouse populations.\" 127 (2011)","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520267114.003.0010"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"\"Wyoming West Nile virus surveillance.\"  (2022)"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Zou, SN Miller, ET Schmidtmann,  \"J Med Entomol.\"  43, \"Mosquito larval habitat mapping using remote sensing and GIS: Implications of coalbed methane development and West Nile virus.\" 469 (2006)","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.5.1034"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:13:28Z","timestamp":1793423608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-59\/issue-4\/JWD-D-22-00164\/Using-Opportunistic-Samples-to-Monitor-West-Nile-Virus-Infection-Status\/10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00164.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-22-00164","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}}}