{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:31:16Z","timestamp":1793424676457,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Two juvenile red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were euthanased because of severe nervous signs and paralysis. Detailed postmortem examinations were carried out with bacteriology, histology, and Clostridium botulinum toxin screening, which confirmed botulism as the cause of the clinical signs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-23-00049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T02:18:52Z","timestamp":1705025932000},"page":"229-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Botulism in Two Juvenile Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Somerset, England, UK"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Barlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Network for Diseases Surveillance, Rookham Cottage, Dursdon Drove, Wells, Somerset, England BA5 3AW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Tingvoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secret World Wildlife Rescue, New Rd, Highbridge, Somerset, England TA9 3PZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Gover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vale Vets, 1 Beach Road West, Portishead, England BS20 7HR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Schock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Lasswade, Pathology Department, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland EH26 0PZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT4 3SD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"\"Updated outbreak assessment #1: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the UK, and Europe.\"  (2021)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CE Brooks, HJ Clarke, TC Ardis, et al.  \"Lett Appl Microbiol.\"  53, \"Temperature dependency of Clostridium botulinum C and D toxin production from anaerobically enriched bovine gastrointestinal samples sandwich ELISA.\" 174 (2011a)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03087.x"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CE Brooks, HJ Clarke, DA Graham, et al.  \"Vet Rec.\"  168, \"Diagnosis of botulism types C and D in cattle by a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA.\" 455 (2011b)","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c7432"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CE Brooks, DA Finlay, W McConnell, et al.  \"Vet Microbiol.\"  144, \"Culture enrichment assists the diagnosis of cattle botulism by a monoclonal antibody based sandwich ELISA.\" 226 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.12.030"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JH Choi, HS Yoo, JY Park, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  38, \"Morganelliasis pneumonia in a captive jaguar.\" 199 (2002)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-38.1.199"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AK Elfadl, SW Lee, JH Kim, et al.  \"Dis Aquat Organ.\"  127, \"Fatal fibrino-hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia associated with Morganella morganii in a bottlenose dolphin: A case report.\" 41 (2017)","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03184"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Lindstr\u00f6m, M Nevas, J Kurki, et al.  \"J Clin Microbiol.\"  42, \"Type C botulism due to toxic feed affecting 52,000 farmed foxes and minks in Finland.\" 4718 (2004)","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4718-4725.2004"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KA Nielsen, HC Owen, PC Mills, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  44, \"Bacteria isolated from dugongs (Dugong dugon) submitted for postmortem examination in Queensland, Australia, 2000\u20132011.\" 35 (2013)","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260-44.1.35"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"NJ Pyle  and RM Brown  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  94, \"Botulism in foxes.\" 436 (1939)"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"ER Quortrup  and JR Gorham  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  10, \"Susceptibility of fur-bearing animals to the toxins of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, C, and E.\" 268 (1949)"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"AR. Spickler,  \"Botulism.\"  (2018)"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Yndestad, A Helgebostad, G Loftsg\u00e5rd,  \"Acta Vet Scand.\"  18, \"Susceptibility of foxes to Clostridium botulinum type C and E toxins.\" 23 (1977)","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548462"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:48:05Z","timestamp":1793422085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-60\/issue-1\/JWD-D-23-00049\/Botulism-in-Two-Juvenile-Wild-Red-Foxes-Vulpes-vulpes-in\/10.7589\/JWD-D-23-00049.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-23-00049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]}}}