{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:55:45Z","timestamp":1791248145782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wildlife translocation and cross-species transmission can impede control and elimination of emerging zoonotic diseases. Tracking the geographic origin of both host and virus (i.e., translocation versus local infection) may help determine the most effective response when high-risk cases of emerging pathogens are identified in wildlife. In May 2022, a coyote (Canis latrans) infected with the raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies virus variant (RRV) was collected in Lewis County, West Virginia, USA, an area free from RRV. We applied host population genomics and RRV phylogenetic analyses to determine the most likely geographic origin of the rabid coyote. Coyote genomic analyses included animals from multiple eastern states bordering West Virginia, with the probable origin of the rabid coyote being the county of collection. The RRV phylogenetic analyses included cases detected from West Virginia and neighboring states, with most similar RRV sequences collected in a county 80 km to the northeast, within the oral rabies vaccination zone. The combined results suggest that the coyote was infected in an RRV management area and carried the RRV to Lewis County, a pattern consistent with coyote local movement ecology. Distant cross-species transmission and subsequent host movement presents a low risk for onward transmission in raccoon populations. This information helped with emergency response decision-making, thereby saving time and resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-23-00158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:29:38Z","timestamp":1720571378000},"page":"745-752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic Tracking of a Rabid Coyote (Canis latrans) Detected beyond a Rabies Enzootic Area in West Virginia, USA"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Hopken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 Laporte Ave., Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Gigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy T.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 Laporte Ave., Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program, 59 Chenell Dr., Concord, New Hampshire 03301, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordona D.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program, 59 Chenell Dr., Concord, New Hampshire 03301, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene Edgar","family":"Condori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samual","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 730 Yokum St., Elkins, West Virginia 26241, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 730 Yokum St., Elkins, West Virginia 26241, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 730 Yokum St., Elkins, West Virginia 26241, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories, 110 Pickering Way, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories, 110 Pickering Way, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridgett","family":"vonHoldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Suchard, P Lemey, G Baele, et al.  \"Virus Evol.\"  4, \"Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10.\" vey016 (2018)","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vey016"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SA Elmore, RB Chipman, D Slate, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  11, \"Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination.\" e0005249 (2017)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005249"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Slate, TP Algeo, KM Nelson, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  3, \"Oral rabies vaccination in North America: Opportunities, complexities, and challenges.\" e549 (2009)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000549"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Lobo, C DeBenedet, C Fehlner-Gardiner, et al.  \"Can Commun Dis Rep.\"  44, \"Raccoon rabies outbreak in Hamilton, Ontario: A progress report.\" 116 (2018)","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v44i05a05"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DH Alexander, J Novembre, K Lange,  \"Genome Res.\"  19, \"Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals.\" 1655 (2009)","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Martel, M Vila-Escale, D Fern\u00e1ndez-Giberteau, et al.  \"Conserv Lett.\"  13, \"Integral chain management of wildlife diseases.\" e12707 (2020)","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12707"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Nadin-Davis, T Buchanan, L Nituch, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  14, \"A long-distance translocation initiated an outbreak of raccoon rabies in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.\" e0008113 (2020)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008113"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X Ma, S Bonaparte, P Corbett, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  261, \"Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2021.\" 1045 (2023)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.02.0081"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CE Rupprecht  and JS Smith  \"Semin Virol.\"  5, \"Raccoon rabies: The reemergence of an epizootic in a densely populated area.\" 155 (1994)","DOI":"10.1006\/smvy.1994.1016"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA Russell, DL Smith, JE Childs, et al.  \"PLoS Biol.\"  3, \"Predictive spatial dynamics and strategic planning for raccoon rabies emergence in Ohio.\" e88 (2005)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030088"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HD Barton, AJ Gregory, R Davis, et al.  \"Mol Ecol.\"  19, \"Contrasting landscape epidemiology of two sympatric rabies virus strains.\" 2725 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04668.x"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Biek  and LA Real  \"Mol Ecol.\"  19, \"The landscape genetics of infectious disease emergence and spread.\" 3515 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04679.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BH Bird  and JAK Mazet  \"Annu Rev Anim Biosci.\"  6, \"Detection of emerging zoonotic pathogens: An integrated one health approach.\" 121 (2018)","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-030117-014628"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Brunker, G Jaswant, SM Thumbi, et al.  \"Wellcome Open Res.\"  5, \"Rapid in-country sequencing of whole virus genomes to inform rabies elimination programmes.\" 3 (2020)","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15518.1"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"R Chipman, D Slate, C Rupprecht, et al.  \"Dev Biol (Basel).\"  131, \"Downside risk of wildlife translocation.\" 223 (2008)"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"BA. 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