{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:53:46Z","timestamp":1791248026259,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The intracellular pathogens Toxoplasma gondii, Brucella spp., and Chlamydia spp. are all known causative agents of abortion in wildlife. Both T. gondii and Brucella spp. have been identified in marine mammal abortions and a limited number of studies have detected their potential presence in Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), but data are sparse for these pathogens in Australian fur seal breeding colonies. Australian fur seals have been shown to have a high degree of third-trimester pregnancy loss in one of their largest breeding colonies. Additionally, pup production has declined at the largest breeding colony for the species. This study surveyed the presence of T. gondii, Brucella spp., and Chlamydia spp. as potential infectious causes of this reproductive loss. Aborted fetuses were collected from two of the largest breeding colonies for the species, Seal Rocks (n=19) and Kanowna Island (n=34). These were examined grossly and through histopathological evaluation, in conjunction with molecular testing for all three pathogens. Placentas were collected from full-term births during the pupping season from Kanowna Island (n=118). These were used to compare the molecular prevalence of the three pathogens in presumed successful pregnancies. Chlamydia spp. was not detected in aborted fetuses in this study. Brucella spp. was detected with PCR in both aborted fetuses (9.4%) and placentas from full-term births (3.4%), and T. gondii was detected using routine histopathology (n=2\/53), immunohistochemistry (n=3\/4), and PCR (n=4\/53) in tissues from aborted fetuses. Toxoplasma gondii was present in 7.5% of third-trimester abortions and absent from all full-term placentas. Brucella spp. was detected in both aborted fetuses and full-term placentas. This is the first description of vertical transmission of T. gondii in a marine mammal from the southern hemisphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-23-00171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T16:51:10Z","timestamp":1729097470000},"page":"860-873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["SURVEILLANCE FOR TOXOPLASMA GONDII, BRUCELLA SPP., AND CHLAMYDIA SPP. IN AUSTRALIAN FUR SEAL (ARCTOCEPHALUS PUSILLUS DORIFERUS) ABORTIONS"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Brett R.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, One Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Stent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, One Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhys","family":"Bushell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, One Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.Y.","family":"Arnould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Department, Philip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.L.D. Tharaka","family":"D. Liyanage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, One Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Fromant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chiz\u00e9 (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Universit\u00e9, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Botha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosis Pty Ltd, 38 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3207, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonina H.","family":"Eizenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. Martins","family":"Olaogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AsureQuality Diagnostics, 28 Mareno Road, Tullamarine, Victoria 3043, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Marenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, One Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Hufschmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, One Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SF Altschul, W Gish, W Miller, et al.  \"J Mol Biol.\"  215, \"Basic local alignment search tool.\" 403 (1990)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CG Duncan, R Tiller, D Mathis, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  26, \"Brucella placentitis and seroprevalence in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska.\" 507 (2014)","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638714532647"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IH Nymo, M Tryland, J Godfroid,  \"Vet Res.\"  42, \"A review of Brucella infection in marine mammals, with special emphasis on Brucella pinnipedialis in the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata).\" 93 (2011)","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-93"},{"key":"51","unstructured":"S Raverty, PJ Duignan, PD Jepson, et al.  \"CRC handbook of marine mammal medicine.\"  \"Marine mammal gross necropsy.\" 249 (2018)"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Jenkins, M Jelocnik, ML Micallef, et al.  \"Emerg Microbes Infect.\"  7, \"An epizootic of Chlamydia psittaci equine reproductive loss associated with suspected spillover from native Australian parrots.\" 88 (2018)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0089-y"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Robertson, S Bibby, D O'Rourke, et al.  \"J Appl Microbiol.\"  107, \"Characterization of Chlamydiaceae species using PCR and high resolution melt curve analysis of the 16S rRNA gene.\" 2017 (2009)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04388.x"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Nyari, CA Waugh, J Dong, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  12, \"Epidemiology of chlamydial infection and disease in a free-ranging koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population.\" e0190114 (2017)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190114"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PA Conrad, MA Miller, C Kreuder, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol.\"  35, \"Transmission of Toxoplasma: Clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment.\" 1155 (2005)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.002"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP. 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seals: Potential causes and implications.\" 1231337 (2023)","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1231337"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JJ Geeson, AJ Hobday, CN Speakman, et al.  \"R Soc Open Sci.\"  9, \"Environmental influences on breeding biology and pup production in Australian fur seals.\" 211399 (2022)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.211399"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Gibbens, LJ Parry, JPY Arnould,  \"J Mammal.\"  91, \"Influences on fecundity in Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus).\" 510 (2010)","DOI":"10.1644\/08-MAMM-A-377.1"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Kim, L Song, FP Breitwieser, et al.  \"Genome Res.\"  26, \"Centrifuge: Rapid and sensitive classification of metagenomic sequences.\" 1721 (2016)","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.210641.116"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Kliska, RR McIntosh, I Jonsen, et al.  \"R Soc Open Sci.\"  9, \"Environmental correlates of 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Wick,  \"Filtlong v 0.2.1.\"  (2021)","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003083801-1-1"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WL Yu  and K Nielsen  \"Croat Med J.\"  51, \"Review of detection of Brucella spp. by polymerase chain reaction.\" 306 (2010)","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2010.51.306"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RR McIntosh, KJ Sorrell, S Thalmann, et al.  \"PLoS ONE.\"  17, \"Sustained reduction in numbers of Australian fur seal pups: implications for future population monitoring.\" e0265610 (2022)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265610"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:10:22Z","timestamp":1791245422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-60\/issue-4\/JWD-D-23-00171\/SURVEILLANCE-FOR-TOXOPLASMA-GONDII-BRUCELLA-SPP-AND-CHLAMYDIA-SPP-IN\/10.7589\/JWD-D-23-00171.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-23-00171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]}}}