{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:58:03Z","timestamp":1791244683206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a globally distributed pathogen that causes acute hepatitis in people. Recent human cases of HEV arising after contact with urban rats (Rattus spp.) have raised concerns regarding whether rats may be a source of HEV infection. We investigated whether urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) could be a source of HEV in an underserved urban neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada. We found that 15% of rats tested positive for rat HEV, and that HEV status was associated with increasing rat body length and family relationships. Rat HEV isolates were clustered according to their location on either the east or west side of a busy roadway bisecting this neighborhood, suggesting that this street is a barrier to HEV spread. Widespread distribution of HEV among rats in this neighborhood poses potential human health risks, emphasizing the need to reduce close contact of people with rats and their excreta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T07:43:41Z","timestamp":1738309421000},"page":"192-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rat Hepatitis E Virus Isolates Cluster among Urban Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Across a Roadway"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Elly M.","family":"Blake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive West, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylee A.","family":"Byers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive West, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Joseph","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia V3G2M3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Layne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Borlang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Andonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin S.","family":"Kuchinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 655 W 12th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive West, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive West, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea G.","family":"Himsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia V3G2M3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D Bates, M Maechler, B Bolker, et al.  \"J Stat Softw.\"  67, \"Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4.\" 1 (2015)","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Larkin, G Blackshields, NP Brown, et al.  \"Bioinformatics.\"  23, \"Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0.\" 2947 (2007)","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N Saitou  and M Nei  \"Mol Biol Evol.\"  4, \"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.\" 406 (1987)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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Nagorsen,  \"An identification manual to the small mammals of British Columbia.\"  (2002)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:38:04Z","timestamp":1791243484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-61\/issue-1\/JWD-D-24-00052\/Rat-Hepatitis-E-Virus-Isolates-Cluster-among-Urban-Norway-Rats\/10.7589\/JWD-D-24-00052.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}}}