{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:55:12Z","timestamp":1791244512075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Owls play an important role as avian hosts for hemosporidians, overlapping habitat use and activity with the arthropod vectors, which results in susceptibility to morbidity and, in some cases, mortality upon infection. This study aimed to analyze the hemosporidians in tissues collected from individual dead owls (n=240), in various regions of mainland Portugal, primarily obtained from wildlife rehabilitation centers (WRCs). Hemosporidian species were detected using nested PCRs, targeting the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondria. For species and lineage identification, 19 positive PCR samples were selected and sequenced by the Sanger method. In total, 51% (n=122) of the 240 owl samples tested positive for at least one hemosporidian species: 31% (n=75) were positive for Haemoproteus-Plasmodium spp., whereas 44% (n=106) were positive for Leucocytozoon spp. Only 7% (n=16) were positive for Haemoproteus-Plasmodium spp. alone and 20% (n=47) for Leucocytozoon spp. alone, whereas 25% (n=59) of owls had mixed infections. Owl species, age, and geographic region of collected samples were significantly associated with hemosporidian prevalence: Eurasian Eagle-Owls (Bubo bubo), adults, and individuals from the Alentejo region presented higher prevalences than other species, ages, and geographic regions. Our findings highlight the potential impact of hemosporidians on owl conservation, particularly their effect on species currently threatened with extinction and the possible repercussions on reintroduction or translocation projects. This study emphasizes the role of WRCs in disease surveillance and suggests the importance of considering prophylactic measures in these settings. Given the high prevalence of hemosporidians, further studies involving live owls, both wild and captive, are encouraged, along with integrating clinical and hematologic data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:23:38Z","timestamp":1747355018000},"page":"434-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["MOLECULAR SURVEY OF HEMOSPORIDIAN PARASITES IN OWLS IN MAINLAND PORTUGAL"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2013Instituto Mediterr\u00e2neo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento & CHANGE\u2013Environmental Change Institute, LabOr\u2013Laborat\u00f3rio de Ornitologia, IIFA, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra Apartado 94, \u00c9vora, 7002-554, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"P. da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, Lisbon, 1300-477, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Louro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, Lisbon, 1300-477, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia S.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.-INIAV, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas (edif\u00edcio sede), Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Casero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Rehabilitation and Research Center of Ria Formosa\u2013RIAS, Rua do Parque Natural de Ria Formosa, Quelfes, Olh\u00e3o, 8700-194, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Ecology, Rehabilitation and Surveillance Center\u2013CERVAS\/Associa\u00e7\u00e3o ALDEIA, Casa da Torre, Avenida Bombeiros Volunt\u00e1rios 8, Gouveia, 6290-520, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana F.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos e Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de Animais Selvagens de Castelo Branco, Quercus ANCN-CERAS, Quinta da Senhora de M\u00e9rcules, Castelo Branco, 6000-909, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana R.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos e Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de Animais Selvagens de Castelo Branco, Quercus ANCN-CERAS, Quinta da Senhora de M\u00e9rcules, Castelo Branco, 6000-909, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinto","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, Lisbon, 1300-477, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"2","unstructured":"J Almeida, C Godinho, D Leit\u00e3o, et al.  \"Lista Vermelha das Aves de Portugal Continental.\"  (2022)"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Asghar, D Hasselquist, S Bensch,  \"J Avian Biol.\"  42, \"Are chronic avian haemosporidian infections costly in wild birds?\" 530 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-048X.2011.05281.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CT. 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