{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T08:14:33Z","timestamp":1794384873066,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed protozoan, poses risks to wildlife and public health, with domestic cats playing a significant role in its dissemination. The Valdivian temperate rainforest in southern Chile, known for its biodiversity and endemism, faces threats from human activities and from invasive species such as domestic cats. We evaluated T. gondii seroprevalence in two sympatric introduced carnivores, an intermediate host, the American mink (Neogale vison), and a definitive host, the domestic cat (Felis catus), and we determined landscape variables linked to exposure for both species and identified high T. gondii exposure using ecological niche modeling. Seroprevalence for T. gondii in 180 American minks and 140 domestic cats exceeded 60% in both species, indicating significant exposure to T. gondii within the study area. Spatial analysis highlighted a relationship between low-altitude areas, characterized by floodable forests and slower river flow, and elevated T. gondii exposure in both species. Areas with agricultural activity and higher human and cattle densities, such as croplands and grasslands, exhibited an increased risk of T. gondii exposure. Parasite exposure was higher in the Tolten and Valdivia River basins compared to the other four basins studied. These findings emphasize the importance of considering landscape factors, including altitude, land use, and human activities, when assessing T. gondii exposure patterns. The identified landscape variables associated with exposure and the mapping of high-risk areas can guide public health and conservation management plans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T08:51:30Z","timestamp":1752742290000},"page":"587-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["LANDSCAPE VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH TOXOPLASMA GONDII EXPOSURE IN AMERICAN MINK (NEOGALE VISON) AND DOMESTIC CATS (FELIS CATUS) IN THE VALDIVIAN TEMPERATE RAINFOREST, CHILE"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Calvo-Mac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, 440 Rep\u00fablica Avenue, Santiago 8370136, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Delgado-Parada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas de la Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, 340 Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins Avenue, Santiago 8370136, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Zanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1260 Mayo Building, MMC 807, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Medina-Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, 440 Rep\u00fablica Avenue, Santiago 8370136, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Afonso, E Germain, ML Poulle, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl.\"  2, \"Environmental determinants of 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