{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:31:57Z","timestamp":1793824317987,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The American bison (Bison bison) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally significant species that is exceptionally vulnerable to disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis. In contrast to livestock in which M. bovis is one of many infectious agents comprising the bovine respiratory disease complex, infection in bison is characterized by severe pneumonia and potential for systemic disease in the absence of coinfecting pathogens. In bison, morbidity and mortality are highest in adult cows, whereas calves and yearlings infrequently present with clinical disease. The infection dynamics of M. bovis in young bison exposed during an outbreak have not been fully characterized. Herein, we describe a severe outbreak of M. bovis in a closed, extensively managed herd from which we established a cohort of young bison for longitudinal observation, sampling, and testing. Our findings indicate that M. bovis can colonize the nasopharynx of calves and yearlings during an outbreak, often without causing apparent clinical signs. Although some animals cleared the infection during a 12-mo follow-up study, others remained PCR and culture positive, highlighting the potential for asymptomatic carriage in bison calves as a source of subsequent outbreaks. Using a paired swabbing approach, we show that sampling the superficial nasal cavity is adequate for detection of M. bovis during an outbreak. Over time, however, deep sampling of the nasopharynx is necessary to maximize detection of subclinical infections. Uncertainty in detection using PCR on nasal swab samples can complicate herd assessments and limit the ability to fully assess risk. This study emphasizes the difficulty of identifying chronic carriers following an outbreak and underscores the need for further research to inform M. bovis management and minimize risk in the sensitive and iconic American bison.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T08:52:26Z","timestamp":1752742346000},"page":"563-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["MYCOPLASMA BOVIS OUTBREAK AND MAINTENANCE OF SUBCLINICAL INFECTIONS IN AN EXPOSED COHORT OF JUVENILE AMERICAN BISON (BISON BISON)"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Buttke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Resources Division, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 200, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Schwalbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halcyon","family":"Killion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry S.","family":"Sondgeroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan S.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Diseases & Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Askar, S Chen, H Hao, et al.  \"Pathogens.\"  10, \"Immune evasion of Mycoplasma bovis.\" 297 (2021)","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030297"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JL Caswell  and M Archambault  \"Anim Health Res Rev.\"  8, \"Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia in cattle.\" 161 (2007)","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252307001351"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GC Frison  and CA Reher  \"Plains Anthropologist 7(50, Part 2: Memoir 7: THE GLENROCK BUFFALO JUMP, 48CO304).\"  \"Age determination of buffalo by teeth eruption and wear.\" 46 (1970)","DOI":"10.1080\/2052546.1970.11908593"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AC. 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