{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:51:52Z","timestamp":1791244312471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Raptors may serve as both intermediate and definitive hosts for Sarcocystis spp. Past research has documented fatal encephalitis in raptors caused by various Sarcocystis spp., whereas other surveys have found a high prevalence of tissue cysts without evidence of disease. Little is known about the prevalence of Sarcocystis in raptors in the eastern USA. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of tissue cysts and histopathologic changes associated with Sarcocystis spp. infection in raptors in eastern Tennessee. Tissues of 33 raptors from Tennessee, USA, were assessed with histopathologic examination. Cysts consistent with Sarcocystis spp. were present in the heart, skeletal, or tracheal muscle of 11 (33%) raptors, without any associated inflammation. Tissues from histopathologic-positive raptors were then tested with PCR targeting of the 18S rRNA gene of Sarcocystis. Sequence analysis of PCR products revealed that six raptors had sequences most similar to Sarcocystis falcatula, and two had sequences most similar to Sarcocystis halieti. In addition, one S. falcatula\u2013positive Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) had lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis and was positive via immunohistochemistry for eastern equine encephalitis virus. Our study supports findings in other geographic regions that raptors commonly serve as hosts for Sarcocystis spp. without evidence of associated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T08:53:12Z","timestamp":1752742392000},"page":"700-707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and Pathology Associated with Sarcocystis spp. in Raptors in Tennessee, USA"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Eliza","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Room A233, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lani","family":"Bower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gerhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Room A233, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Room A233, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ND Burkett-Cadena, JF Day, TR Unnasch,  \"J Med Entomol.\"  59, \"Ecology of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the southeastern United States: Incriminating vector and host species responsible for virus amplification, persistence, and dispersal.\" 41 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Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1791241167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-61\/issue-3\/JWD-D-24-00130\/Prevalence-and-Pathology-Associated-with-Sarcocystis-spp-in-Raptors-in\/10.7589\/JWD-D-24-00130.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00130","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]}}}