{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:01:28Z","timestamp":1791237688723,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Apicomplexans are endoparasites that infect various animals, including humans, causing significant diseases such as malaria, babesiosis, cryptosporidiosis, neosporosis, and toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a notable public health concern due to its severe effects on pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Infection routes include ingestion of oocysts from definitive hosts (felines) or consumption of contaminated meat. Neosporosis, caused by Neospora caninum, causes reproductive issues and significant economic losses in domestic cattle (Bos taurus). Wildlife plays a crucial role in the life cycles of these parasites, with species such as wild boar (Sus scrofa) and axis deer (Axis axis) acting as reservoirs. These ungulate species can affect livestock production systems and public health, particularly in regions like Latin America where they are invasive. Understanding the seroprevalence and transmission dynamics of these parasites in wildlife is vital for developing effective control measures. During 2020\u201323, 254 wild boar and 90 axis deer blood samples were collected from eight and five departments in Uruguay, respectively. Serologic tests for T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies were conducted using ELISA, with further confirmation of N. caninum antibodies through western blotting. Seroprevalence values of T. gondii were mean 47.7% in wild boars and mean 8.4% in axis deer; whereas N. caninum was more prevalent in axis deer (mean 49.8%) than in wild boars (mean 0.7%). Detection of antibodies against both pathogens in a single individual occurred occasionally. These findings suggest that wild boar and axis deer may play significant roles in maintaining and amplifying T. gondii or N. caninum (or both) infections in Uruguay, and underscore the need for targeted control strategies to mitigate the spread of these pathogens, which have implications for both livestock health and public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T14:09:28Z","timestamp":1763474968000},"page":"933-940","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND NEOSPORA CANINUM IN FREE-RANGING WILD BOAR (SUS SCROFA) AND AXIS DEER (AXIS AXIS) IN URUGUAY"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9s M.","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Parasitolog\u00eda y Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Av. Navarro 3051, PC:11600, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia S.","family":"Ruppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Pat\u00f3geno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, PC:11400, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soledad E.","family":"Echeverr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Pat\u00f3geno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, PC:11400, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramiro","family":"Tomasina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Parasitolog\u00eda y Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Av. Navarro 3051, PC:11600, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Pat\u00f3geno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, PC:11400, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"proJAB. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Ruta 8 km 18, PC:1300, Canelones, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma Laureana","family":"De Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Microbiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Patobiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Ruta 8 km 18, PC:1300, Canelones, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Cravino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda y Ciencias Ambientales. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Igu\u00e1 4225, PC:11400, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Cancela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Av. Navarro 3051, PC:11600, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Controladores de Jabal\u00ed de Artigas, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Altuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Controladores de Jabal\u00ed de Artigas, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Puentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Microbiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Patobiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Ruta 8 km 18, PC:1300, Canelones, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yester","family":"Basmadji\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Parasitolog\u00eda y Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. Av. Navarro 3051, PC:11600, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Robello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Pat\u00f3geno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, PC:11400, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Mirazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"proJAB. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica. 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Dubey,  \"Vet Parasitol.\"  126, \"Toxoplasmosis\u2014a waterborne zoonosis.\" 57 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.09.005"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey  and G Schares  \"Vet Parasitol.\"  180, \"Neosporosis in animals\u2014The last five years.\" 90 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.031"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM Tenter, AR Heckeroth, LM Weiss,  \"Int J Parasitol.\"  30, \"Toxoplasma gondii: From animals to humans.\" 1217 (2000)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Winter, SD Abate, MI Pasqualetti, et al.  \"Prev Vet Med.\"  168, \"Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from northeastern Patagonia, Argentina.\" 75 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.04.014"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey  and DS Lindsay  \"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract.\"  22, \"Neosporosis, toxoplasmosis, and sarcocystosis in ruminants.\" 645 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2006.08.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:47:14Z","timestamp":1791236834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-61\/issue-4\/JWD-D-24-00133\/SEROPREVALENCE-OF-TOXOPLASMA-GONDII-AND-NEOSPORA-CANINUM-IN-FREE-RANGING\/10.7589\/JWD-D-24-00133.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00133","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}}}