{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:51:52Z","timestamp":1791244312542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses that cause severe diseases in domestic cats. Recently, they have emerged as a concern for wild felids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure to feline retroviruses in free-ranging Neotropical wild felids from southern Brazil. A total of 48 road-killed wild felids belonging to three species were sampled: Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi), margay (Leopardus wiedii), and Southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus). In addition, 28 domestic cats found inside protected areas were investigated. Both the wild and domestic felids were tested for the presence of FeLV and FIV with lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) and molecular methods. Three wild felids (two Geoffroy's cats and one margay) were positive to FeLV by LFA (antigen), PCR (proviral DNA), and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (viral RNA). From the 28 free-roaming domestic cats sampled inside protected areas, 10 (35%) were positive for FeLV. None of the domestic or wild felids were positive for FIV. In addition to the occurrence of FeLV in two species of free-ranging Neotropical felids, FeLV-positive domestic cats appear to be relatively common in protected areas from southern Brazil, posing an important risk of FeLV transmission to threatened wild felids inside those areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T08:53:32Z","timestamp":1752742412000},"page":"708-713","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feline Leukemia Virus in Free-Ranging Neotropical Wild Felids and in Domestic Cats Found inside Protected Areas within Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Reck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Veterin\u00e1rias Desid\u00e9rio Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, 92990-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greice Zorzato","family":"Gonchoroski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9090, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren Santos","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simbios Biotecnologia, Rua Ca\u00ed, 541, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Proen\u00e7a","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simbios Biotecnologia, Rua Ca\u00ed, 541, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vagner Ricardo","family":"Lunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simbios Biotecnologia, Rua Ca\u00ed, 541, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Benhur","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR-290, 423, S\u00e3o Gabriel, 97300-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Jardim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu de Ci\u00eancias Naturais (MCN), Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (SEMA-RS), Rua Salvador Fran\u00e7a, 1427, Porto Alegre, 90690-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiane C.","family":"Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu de Ci\u00eancias Naturais (MCN), Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (SEMA-RS), Rua Salvador Fran\u00e7a, 1427, Porto Alegre, 90690-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Biezus, G Machado, PE Ferian, et al.  \"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis.\"  63, \"Prevalence of and factors associated with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in cats of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.\" 17 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.12.004"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Cammarota, L Da Prato, E Nicoletti, et al.  \"J Virol Methods.\"  62, \"Quantitation of feline immunodeficiency proviruses in doubly infected cats using competitive PCR and a fluorescence-based RFLP.\" 21 (1996)","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(96)02085-X"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LP Diesel, LS de Mello, W de Oliveira Santana, et al.  \"Animals (Basel).\"  14, \"Epidemiological insights into feline leukemia virus infections in an urban cat (Felis catus) population from Brazil.\" 1051 (2024)","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14071051"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Fornazari, ADP Sev\u00e1, KMM Oliveira, et al.  \"Acta Amazon.\"  53, \"Exposure of dogs and wild carnivores to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Leishmania infantum, and Toxoplasma gondii in the Xingu River basin, Brazilian Amazon: Prevalence, spatial distribution, and association with land cover types.\" 325 (2023)","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4392202301340"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Jansen, H McGregor, G Axford, et al.  \"Animal (Basel).\"  11, \"Long-distance movements of feral cats in semi-arid South Australia and implications for conservation management.\" 3125 (2021)","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113125"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Lessa, TCS Guimar\u00e3es, HG Bergallo, et al.  \"Nat Conserv.\"  14, \"Domestic dogs in protected areas: A threat to Brazilian mammals?\" 46 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncon.2016.05.001"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SR Loss, B Boughton, SM Cady, et al.  \"J Anim Ecol.\"  91, \"Review and synthesis of the global literature on domestic cat impacts on wildlife.\" 1361 (2022)","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13745"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NB Martins, JC Neves de Almeida, MSS Gon\u00e7alves, et al.  \"Transbound Emerg Dis.\"  2024, \"Occurrence of typical domestic animal viruses in wild carnivorans: An emerging threat to the conservation of endangered species.\" 3931047 (2024)","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3931047"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ML Meli, V Cattori, F Mart\u00ednez, et al.  \"Vet Immunol Immunopathol.\"  134, \"Feline leukemia virus infection: A threat for the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus).\" 61 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.10.010"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"\"Portaria N\u00b0 148, de 7 de Junho de 2022. 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