{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:55:39Z","timestamp":1791244539847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting cervids. Transmission occurs through oral and nasal mucosal exposure to infectious prions (PrPCWD), causing cellular prion proteins (PrPC) to misfold. Currently, the approved diagnostic assays for CWD are immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA. While IHC is considered the gold standard, ELISA is used by most diagnostic laboratories as a screening test for free-ranging cervids. Currently, two tissues have been validated for use with the cervid ELISA test: the medial retropharyngeal lymph node (MRPLN) and the obex region of the brainstem. Palatine tonsil has not been validated for use with the ELISA despite trafficking of PrPCWD to the tonsils early in the course of disease in deer. Here we assessed the suitability of palatine tonsil for CWD testing of free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using two commercially available ELISA kits in conjunction with IHC. We tested paired MRPLN and tonsillar tissues, collected from hunter-harvested and non-hunter-harvested mule deer (n=176) in Wyoming, US, from 2020 to 2024. Our findings indicated 100% agreement between MRPLN and palatine tonsil, with no difference in the performance of the two commercially available ELISA kits, confirming that palatine tonsil can be substituted for MRPLN for CWD surveillance in free-ranging mule deer with high confidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:31:38Z","timestamp":1747355498000},"page":"530-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Palatine Tonsil Testing by ELISA for Chronic Wasting Disease Detection in Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus)"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Marguerite D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Veterinary Services, Wildlife Health Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82072, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline P.","family":"Kurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82072, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jennings-Gaines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Veterinary Services, Wildlife Health Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82072, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82072, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"4","unstructured":"S. Dorai-Raj,  \"binom: Binomial confidence intervals for several parameterizations. 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Rocky Mountain elk.\" 465 (1982)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-18.4.465"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NA Rivera, AL Brandt, JE Novakofski, et al.  \"Vet Med (Auckl).\"  10, \"Chronic wasting disease in cervids: Prevalence, impact and management strategies.\" 123 (2019)","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S197404"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TR Spraker, A Balachandran, D Zhuang, et al.  \"Vet Rec.\"  155, \"Variable patterns of distribution of PrPCWD in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic wasting disease.\" 295 (2004)","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.155.10.295"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CL Lieske, DR Herndon, MA Highland, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  58, \"Laboratory concordance study for the molecular detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.\" 257 (2022)","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-21-00118"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"\"R: a language and environment for statistical computing.\"  (2024)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MW Miller, ES Williams, NT Hobbs, et al.  \"Emerg Infect Dis.\"  10, \"Environmental sources of prion transmission in mule deer.\" 1003 (2004)","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.040010"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"\"Expanding distribution of chronic wasting disease.\"  (2024)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:17:23Z","timestamp":1791242243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-61\/issue-2\/JWD-D-24-00161\/Assessment-of-Palatine-Tonsil-Testing-by-ELISA-for-Chronic-Wasting\/10.7589\/JWD-D-24-00161.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]}}}