{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:51:49Z","timestamp":1791244309914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatozoon spp. are protozoal organisms that infect a wide variety of animal hosts. Three free-ranging American mink (Neovison vison) from Pennsylvania, USA, were diagnosed with hepatozoonosis either as the primary cause of mortality or as a co-morbidity with canine distemper virus infection or trauma. In all cases, protozoa were detected in the lungs and\/or heart with varying severity, as characteristic microgranulomas with intrahistiocytic merozoites as well as fewer distinct meronts. Partial 18S rRNA gene sequence from one case was identical to a Hepatozoon sp. previously detected in mink followed by a Hepatozoon sp. detected in ticks and other mustelid species. This paper expands on the limited knowledge of Hepatozoon spp. infecting North American mustelids and correlates that a previously detected Hepatozoon sp. in mink can cause histopathologic lesions and occasional mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T08:56:30Z","timestamp":1752742590000},"page":"732-735","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hepatozoonosis in Free-Ranging American Mink (Neovison vison) in Pennsylvania, USA: Case Series"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Lane","family":"Potts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Gereg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla B.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Yabsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Niedringhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Akdesir, FC Origgi, J Wimmershoff, et al.  \"BMC Vet Res.\"  14, \"Causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in Switzerland: Necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance.\" 185 (2018)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1494-0"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Baker, M Dennis, A Jensen, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl.\"  25, \"Survey for Babesia spp. in wildlife in the eastern United States.\" 101015 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2024.101015"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Fenollar, O Mediannikov, M Maurin, et al.  \"Front Microbiol.\"  12, \"Mink, SARS-CoV-2, and the human-animal interface.\" 663815 (2021)","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.663815"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Hod\u017e\u00ed\u0107, A Al\u00ed\u0107, R Beck, et al.  \"Ticks Tick Borne Dis.\"  9, \"Hepatozoon martis n. sp. (Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae): Morphological and pathological features of a Hepatozoon species infecting martens (family Mustelidae).\" 912 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.03.023"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Krawczyk, M Bogdziewicz, MJ Czy\u017c,  \"Folia Zool.\"  62, \"Diet of the American mink Neovison vison in an agricultural landscape in western Poland.\" 304 (2013)","DOI":"10.25225\/fozo.v62.i4.a8.2013"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Park, US Choi, EJ Kim, et al.  \"J Wildle Dis.\"  52, \"Coinfection with Hepatozoon sp. and canine distemper virus in a yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula koreana) in Korea.\" 414 (2016)","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-04-086"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TP Peacock  and WS Barclay  \"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.\"  120, \"Mink farming poses risks for future viral pandemics.\" e2303408120 (2023)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2303408120"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PJA Presidente  and LH Karstad  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  11, \"Hepatozoon sp. infection in mink from Southwestern Ontario.\" 479 (1975)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-11.4.479"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VR Simpson, RJ Panciera, J Hargreaves, et al.  \"Vet Rec.\"  156, \"Myocarditis and myositis due to infection with Hepatozoon species in pine martens (Martes martes) in Scotland.\" 442 (2005)","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.14.442"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Sun, F Li, Q Liu, et al.  \"Emerg Microbes Infec.\"  10, \"Mink is a highly susceptible host species to circulating human and avian influenza viruses.\" 472 (2021)","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1899058"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Thomas, A Santodomingo, L Saboya-Acosta, et al.  \"Parasite Vector.\"  17, \"Hepatozoon (Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) in wild mammals of the Americas: A systematic review.\" 108 (2024)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06154-3"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ED Walker, MG Stobierski, ML Poplar, et al.  \"J Med Entomol.\"  35, \"Geographic distribution of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Michigan, with emphasis on Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi.\" 872 (1998)","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/35.5.872"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Yanai, A Tomita, T Masegi, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  31, \"Histopathologic features of naturally occurring hepatozoonosis in wild martens (Martes melampus) in Japan.\" 233 (1995)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-31.2.233"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Zuberogoitia, JA Gonz\u00e1lez-Oreja, J Zabala, et al.  \"Biodivers Conserv.\"  19, \"Assessing the control\/eradication of an invasive species, the American mink, based on field data; how much would it cost?\" 1455 (2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-010-9776-2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FC Bishopp  and HL Trembley  \"J Parasitol.\"  31, \"Distribution and hosts of certain North American ticks.\" 1 (1945)","DOI":"10.2307\/3273061"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RC da Silva, C Su, H Langoni,  \"Vet Parasitol.\"  165, \"First identification of Sarcocystis tenella (Railliet, 1886) Moul\u00e9, 1886 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) by PCR in naturally infected sheep from Brazil.\" 332 (2009)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.07.016"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Yabsley, WR Davidson, DE Stallknecht, et al.  \"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.\"  5, \"Evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from the western United States.\" 351 (2005)","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.351"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:59:31Z","timestamp":1791241171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-61\/issue-3\/JWD-D-24-00172\/Hepatozoonosis-in-Free-Ranging-American-Mink-Neovison-vison-in-Pennsylvania\/10.7589\/JWD-D-24-00172.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-24-00172","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]}}}