{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:56:54Z","timestamp":1791237414026,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parasites are part of ecosystems and can regulate populations. The diseases they cause may negatively impact wildlife, sometimes linked to the imbalance created by anthropogenic environmental changes. Mexico harbors more than 10% of the world's avifauna, but there have been few studies on gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites in wild birds of Mexico. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of knowledge on GIT parasites of Mexican wild birds and offer suggestions for approaches for future parasitological research on birds in Mexico. We analyzed 85 documents reporting gastrointestinal parasites in wild birds in Mexico. Overall, 73 genera and 96 bird species were reported as hosts for gastrointestinal parasites, representing approximately 8.17% of the bird species richness in Mexico, with the Anseriformes and Pelecaniformes being the most studied hosts. A total of 187 gastrointestinal parasite species have been identified to species level; the least studied phyla are Metamonada and Apicomplexa. Gastrointestinal parasites have been detected in 30 states; the central region of Mexico has been best studied. Game and aquatic species have been the most studied hosts, with few parasitological studies on nonaquatic bird species. Further studies are needed to understand the host-parasite relationships in Mexican landbirds, the diversity of parasites, the ecological factors underlying parasitism, and the impact of parasites in Mexican wild birds under anthropogenic changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:43:18Z","timestamp":1771234998000},"page":"213-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastrointestinal Parasites of Wild Birds in Mexico: A Synthetic Review of the Current Knowledge and Approaches for Bird Parasitological Studies"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Filiberto M. Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00edn","family":"del Campo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Conservaci\u00f3n de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Perif\u00e9rico Sur s\/n Barrio Mar\u00eda Auxiliadora, San Crist\u00f3bal de Las Casas, Chiapas, 29290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula L.","family":"Enr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Conservaci\u00f3n de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Perif\u00e9rico Sur s\/n Barrio Mar\u00eda Auxiliadora, San Crist\u00f3bal de Las Casas, Chiapas, 29290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Geograf\u00eda de la Biodiversidad, Pabell\u00f3n Nacional de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, UNAM, Cto. Centro Cultural, C.U, Coyoac\u00e1n, CDMX, 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistem\u00e1tica y Ecolog\u00eda Acu\u00e1tica, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Av. Centenario km 5.5, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 77014, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Pedroza-Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ram\u00f3n Padilla S\u00e1nchez, Predio Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SV Kubiski, C Witte, JA Burchell, et al.  \"Front Vet Sci.\"  9, \"Mitochondrial gene diversity and host specificity of Isospora in passerine birds.\" 847030 (2022)","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.847030"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"A Aguirre, RS Cook, RG McLean, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  22, \"Occurrence of potential pathogens in wild Caribbean Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) during a lead poisoning die off in Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico.\" 470 (1991)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Alvarado-Esquivel, C Rajendran, LR Ferreira, et al.  \"J Parasitol.\"  97, \"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds in Durango, Mexico.\" 809 (2011)","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2844.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JI. Brian,  \"Trends Parasitol.\"  39, \"Parasites in biodiversity conservation: Friend or foe?\" 618 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.05.005"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Brown, SJ Ball, KR Snow,  \"J Nat Hist.\"  44, \"Coccidian parasites of British wild birds.\" 2669 (2010)","DOI":"10.1080\/00222933.2010.501531"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Canales-del-Castillo, C P\u00e9rez-Rangel, I Ruvalcaba-Ortega, et al.  \"Huitzil, Rev Mex Ornitol.\"  19, \"Prevalencia parasitaria en el gorri\u00f3n altiplanero (Spizella wortheni): Especie end\u00e9mica de M\u00e9xico y en peligro de extinci\u00f3n.\" 79 (2017)","DOI":"10.28947\/hrmo.2018.19.1.309"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"K Cervantes-Rivera, JA Villag\u00f3mez-Cort\u00e9s, A Arroyo-Lara, et al.  \"ARPN J Agric Biol Sci.\"  11, \"A diganostic survey of gastroenteric helminths in backyard poultry of a rural village in Mexican tropics.\" 463 (2016)"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"RT Chesser, SM Billerman, KJ Burns, et al.  \"Check-list of North American birds.\"  (2025)"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ER Dougherty, CJ Carlson, VM Bueno, et al.  \"Conserv Biol.\"  30, \"Paradigms for parasite conservation.\" 724 (2016)","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12634"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MF Dybdahl  and A Storfer  \"Trends Ecol Evol.\"  18, \"Parasite local adaptation: Red Queen versus Suicide King.\" 523 (2003)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00223-4"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KM El-Dakhly, E El-Nahass, S Uni, et al.  \"J Helminthol.\"  86, \"Levels of infection of gastric nematodes in a flock of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) from Lake Biwa, Japan.\" 54 (2012)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X11000046"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Friend, RG Mclean, FJ Dein,  \"The Auk.\"  118, \"Disease emergence in birds: Challenges for the twenty-first century.\" 290 (2001)","DOI":"10.1093\/auk\/118.2.290"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"\"Global biodiversity information facility. 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Thomson,  \"The geographic mosaic of coevolution.\"  443 (2005)","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226118697.001.0001"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Yanga, JE Mart\u00ednez-G\u00f3mez, RNM Sehgal, et al.  \"Pac Conserv Biol.\"  17, \"A preliminary survey for avian pathogens in Columbiform birds on Socorro Island, Mexico.\" 11 (2011)","DOI":"10.1071\/PC110011"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DM Tompkins  and R Jakob-Hoff  \"Biol Conserv.\"  144, \"Native bird declines: don't ignore disease.\" 668 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.09.027"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:19:19Z","timestamp":1791235159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-62\/issue-1\/JWD-D-25-00058\/Gastrointestinal-Parasites-of-Wild-Birds-in-Mexico--A-Synthetic\/10.7589\/JWD-D-25-00058.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]}}}