{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:57:33Z","timestamp":1791237453596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rats are managed using anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in cities worldwide, but these compounds cause morbidity and mortality in nontarget wildlife. Several cities also use free-roaming outdoor cat (Felis catus) colonies to help reduce rats, but there have been no investigations of how often these cats are exposed to ARs. In this study, our goal was to assess how often free-roaming domestic cats are exposed to ARs to 1) understand health risks for urban predators by using free-roaming cats as a proxy and 2) evaluate the health risks associated with using cats as rodent control. We tested blood samples from 57 cats that were part of trap-neuter-release cat colonies in Chicago, Illinois, USA. We found that 7% (4\/57) of cats tested positive for one type of rodenticide at trace amounts. Free-roaming cats can therefore be exposed to ARs, although the prevalence and concentrations were lower than in wild carnivores. Future research is needed to understand how often cats may be exposed to ARs by killing or consuming rats and any health impacts. Stronger rodenticide regulations are needed to reduce health risks for urban predators, and owned cats should be kept indoors to minimize the risk of rodenticide exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:45:48Z","timestamp":1771235148000},"page":"225-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surveillance of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Free-Roaming Outdoor Cats (Felis catus) in Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Maureen H.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark St., Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Y.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark St., Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Magle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark St., Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"\"Saving unsocialized cats through working cats programs.\"  (2024)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JY Buckley, MH Murray, NU de la Sancha, et al.  \"Sci Total Environ.\"  952, \"Widespread exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides among common urban mesopredators in Chicago.\" 175883 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175883"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Hwang, NL Gottdenker, DH Oh, et al.  \"PeerJ.\"  6, \"Disentangling the link between supplemental feeding, population density, and the prevalence of pathogens in urban stray cats.\" e4988 (2018)","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4988"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Jacob  and A Buckle  \"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife.\"  \"Use of anticoagulant rodenticides in different applications around the world.\" 11 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_2"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Kohn, C Weingart, U Giger,  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  5, \"Haemorrhage in seven cats with suspected anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication.\" 295 (2003)","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-612X(03)00022-6"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JH Kopanke, KE Horak, E Musselman, et al.  \"Sci Rep.\"  25, \"Effects of low-level brodifacoum exposure on the feline immune response.\" 8168 (2018)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26558-3"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RN Larson, DJ Morin, IA Wierzbowska, et al.  \"West N Am Nat.\"  75, \"Food habits of coyotes, gray foxes, and bobcats in a coastal southern California urban landscape.\" 339 (2015)","DOI":"10.3398\/064.075.0311"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA Lepczyk  and M Calver  \"Biol Invasions.\"  24, \"Cat got your tongue? The misnomer of \u2018community cats\u2019 and its relevance to conservation.\" 2313 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-022-02788-5"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA Lepczyk, JE Fantle-Lepczyk, KD Dunham, et al.  \"Nat Commun.\"  12, \"A global synthesis and assessment of free-ranging domestic cat diet.\" 7809 (2023)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42766-6"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KJ Nash, A Yeo, K Munce,  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  9, \"Successful autologous transfusion from the subcutaneous space in a domestic shorthair cat with suspected anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity.\" 20551169231172439 (2023)","DOI":"10.1177\/20551169231172439"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"G. Oladipo,  \"The Guardian.\"  \"Shelter releases 1,000 feral cats on to Chicago streets to combat rat crisis.\" (2021)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MH Parsons, PB Banks, MA Deutsch, et al.  \"Front Ecol Evol.\"  6, \"Temporal and space-use changes by rats in response to predation by feral cats in an urban ecosystem.\" 146 (2018)","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2018.00146"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LE Serieys, AJ Lea, M Epeldegui, et al.  \"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.\"  285, \"Urbanization and anticoagulant poisons promote immune dysfunction in bobcats\" 20172533 (2018)","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.2533"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Vudathala, M Cummings, L Murphy,  \"J Anal Toxicol.\"  34, \"Analysis of multiple anticoagulant rodenticides in animal blood and liver tissue using principles of QuEChERS method.\" 273 (2010)","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/34.5.273"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KE Horak, PM Fisher, B Hopkins,  \"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife.\"  \"Pharmacokinetics of anticoagulant rodenticides in target and non-target organisms.\" 87 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_4"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SMM Nakayama, A Morita, Y Ikenaka, et al.  \"J Vet Med Sci.\"  81, \"A review: Poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides in non-target animals globally.\" 298 (2019)","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0717"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BA Rattner, RS Lazarus, JE Elliott, et al.  \"Environ Sci Technol.\"  48, \"Adverse outcome pathway and risks of anticoagulant rodenticides to predatory wildlife.\" 8433 (2014)","DOI":"10.1021\/es501740n"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E VanWormer, MA Miller, PA Conrad, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  8, \"Using molecular epidemiology to track Toxoplasma gondii from terrestrial carnivores to marine hosts: Implications for public health and conservation.\" e2852 (2014)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002852"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LEK Serieys, TC Armenta, JG Moriarty, et al.  \"Ecotoxicology.\"  24, \"Anticoagulant rodenticides in urban bobcats: Exposure, risk factors and potential effects based on a 16-year study.\" 844 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-015-1429-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:19:21Z","timestamp":1791235161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-62\/issue-1\/JWD-D-25-00092\/Surveillance-of-Anticoagulant-Rodenticides-in-Free-Roaming-Outdoor-Cats-Felis\/10.7589\/JWD-D-25-00092.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]}}}