{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:54:31Z","timestamp":1791237271730,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Besnoitia tarandi is a protozoan commonly reported in reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.), in which it can be associated with morbidity and even mortality. Anecdotal observations suggest that the prevalence and intensity of this parasitic infection vary between caribou herds, but the lack of a standardized method to evaluate the intensity of infection limits inter-herd comparisons. The presence and intensity of Besnoitia sp. infection in metatarsal skin were evaluated using a standardized histopathologic technique in 1,361 migratory caribou sampled from eight herds across Canada, Alaska (USA), and Greenland. Besnoitia sp. was not detected in the two Greenlandic herds but was observed in animals from the six other herds sampled, with prevalence ranging from 4.2\u201363.9% for subsets of caribou by season and\/or sex, and cyst density ranging from 0.08\u201313.14 cysts\/mm2 among herds. Observed prevalence of infection was highest in the two Canadian Qu\u00e9bec-Labrador herds (Rivi\u00e8re-George and Rivi\u00e8re-aux-Feuilles) and lowest in the Canadian Southampton Island herd. This study provides new insights into the epidemiology of besnoitiosis in migratory caribou populations in North America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:53:46Z","timestamp":1776664426000},"page":"393-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF BESNOITIA SP. INFECTION IN MIGRATORY CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS) HERDS IN NORTH AMERICA"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Van Driessche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative\/Centre qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois sur la sant\u00e9 des animaux sauvages, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Ducrocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative\/Centre qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois sur la sant\u00e9 des animaux sauvages, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Kutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Elkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government of the Northwest Territories, Environment and Climate Change, PO Box 1320, 5102, 50th Ave, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories X1A 3S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Taillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la gestion de la faune, Minist\u00e8re de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs, Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec G1S 4X4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steeve D.","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval, Caribou Ungava, D\u00e9partement de biologie et Centre d'\u00e9tudes nordiques. Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la M\u00e9decine, Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Brodeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la gestion de la faune du Nord-du-Qu\u00e9bec, Minist\u00e8re de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs, Chibougamau, Qu\u00e9bec G8P 2Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Cuyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2 P.O. Box 570, Nuuk 3900, Greenland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Lair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative\/Centre qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois sur la sant\u00e9 des animaux sauvages, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey, DS Lindsay, BM Rosenthal, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol.\"  32, \"Establishment of Besnoitia darlingi from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in experimental intermediate and definitive hosts, propagation in cell culture, and description of ultrastructural and genetic characteristics.\" 1053 (2002)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00060-7"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey, C Sreekumar, BM Rosenthal, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol.\"  34, \"Redescription of Besnoitia tarandi (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).\" 1273 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.07.002"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"RD. 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