{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:01:15Z","timestamp":1791234075599,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is the largest river otter in the world and globally classified as endangered. Little information is available regarding pathogen exposure in this species due to low densities and the challenges associated with capturing individuals in the wild. Serological assays were used to investigate exposure of 10 free-ranging giant otters from different Brazilian ecoregions to canine distemper virus (CDV), parvovirus, rabies virus, Leptospira spp., smooth Brucella, and Toxoplasma gondii. Molecular assays were conducted to assess the presence of Hepatozoon spp., Cytauxzoon spp., and Babesia spp. Serum antibodies were detected for CDV (5\/10), canine parvovirus (2\/10), rabies virus (1\/7), Leptospira spp. (2\/10), and T. gondii (3\/10). None of the giant otters were exposed to smooth Brucella. Of the individuals that received molecular testing, 2\/6 were positive for Hepatozoon spp., and 0\/6 were positive for Babesia spp. or Cytauxzoon spp. These results provide the first data on pathogen exposure in free-ranging giant otters. Long-term monitoring of these populations is essential to determine which pathogens are endemic and which may pose a conservation threat to giant otters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T21:56:01Z","timestamp":1783374961000},"page":"666-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathogen Surveillance in Free-Ranging Giant Otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) in Three Ecoregions of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Mariana M.","family":"Furtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto On\u00e7a-Pintada\/Jaguar Conservation Fund, Caixa Postal 193, Mineiros, Goi\u00e1s, 75830-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazielle","family":"Soresini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projeto Ariranhas\/Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Rua Presidente Vargas, 1319, Bairro Aimor\u00e9, Arroio do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul, 95940-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anah T. A.","family":"J\u00e1como","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto On\u00e7a-Pintada\/Jaguar Conservation Fund, Caixa Postal 193, Mineiros, Goi\u00e1s, 75830-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betina","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Setor de Parasitologia, Distrito de Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando C. W.","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUCN Species Survival Commission, Otter Specialist Group, Mauverney 28, Gland, 1196, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudiane S.","family":"Ramalheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia (INPA), Laborat\u00f3rio de Mam\u00edferos Aqu\u00e1ticos, Caixa Postal 478, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Mour\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias \u2013 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria s\/n - Caixa Postal 549, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Megid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Higiene Veterin\u00e1ria e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 D. Ramos","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Biovet, Rua Cel. Jos\u00e9 Nunes dos Santos, 639, Centro, Vargem Grande Paulista, S\u00e3o Paulo, 06730-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 S. Ferreira","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva e Sa\u00fade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin C.","family":"Scheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pasteur de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Paulista, 393, 01311-000, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto On\u00e7a-Pintada\/Jaguar Conservation Fund, Caixa Postal 193, Mineiros, Goi\u00e1s, 75830-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia H.","family":"O'Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Setor de Parasitologia, Distrito de Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia M. M.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia (INPA), Laborat\u00f3rio de Mam\u00edferos Aqu\u00e1ticos, Caixa Postal 478, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina G.","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solange M.","family":"Gennari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva e Sa\u00fade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan D.","family":"Allendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Higiene Veterin\u00e1ria e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Leutchenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projeto Ariranhas\/Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Rua Presidente Vargas, 1319, Bairro Aimor\u00e9, Arroio do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul, 95940-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Leuchtenberger, WE Magnusson, G Mour\u00e3o,  \"PLoS ONE.\"  10, \"Territoriality of giant otter groups in an area with seasonal flooding.\" e0126073 (2015)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126073"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MH Alves, NB Martins, AS Hora, et al.  \"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep.\"  59, \"Molecular detection of Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon felis in wild carnivorans and domestic dogs in southern Pantanal wetlands of Brazil with new host records.\" 101233 (2025)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101233"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"FR Ara\u00fajo, CAN Ramos, HL Luiz, et al.  \"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de um protocolo de extra\u00e7\u00e3o de DNA gen\u00f4mico a partir de sangue total. 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Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:42:47Z","timestamp":1791232967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-62\/issue-3\/JWD-D-25-00104\/Pathogen-Surveillance-in-Free-Ranging-Giant-Otters-Pteronura-brasiliensis-in\/10.7589\/JWD-D-25-00104.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}}}