{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:26:48Z","timestamp":1793766408745,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection (Johne's disease; paratuberculosis) is a bacterial disease primarily of domestic ruminants that causes weight loss, diarrhea, and mortality. It has been documented in North American wild ruminants previously (e.g., Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep [Ovis canadensis canadensis], Key deer [Odocoileus virginianus clavium], Rocky Mountain goat [Oreamnos americanus], tule elk [Cervus canadensis nannodes], and white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]); however, the prevalence and implications of this disease in free-ranging populations are generally unknown. In May 2021, an adult female bighorn sheep carcass was retrieved from the Encampment River Herd in southeastern Wyoming, USA. Gross and histologic examinations were performed. Lesions consistent with MAP infection were identified and included emaciation, unformed feces with perineal staining (evidence of diarrhea), chronic inflammation of the small intestine, and inflammation of the internal abdominal lymph nodes. Additionally, MAP was confirmed in a fecal sample by using PCR. A subsequent opportunistic noninvasive field investigation was initiated to ascertain MAP establishment and possible prevalence in the herd from June to August 2021. In the 73 fecal samples collected, MAP was not detected. This work encourages and guides future surveillance using noninvasive methods and highlights the need for more research into the areas of wildlife-livestock interface diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:08:10Z","timestamp":1793765290000},"page":"1012-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection in a Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in Wyoming, USA, with Additional Herd Surveillance using Noninvasive Methods"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Samantha E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1212 S. Adams St., Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline P.","family":"Kurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teal","family":"Cufaude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1212 S. Adams St., Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halcyon J.","family":"Killion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peach","family":"Van Wick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services, Thorne\/Williams Wildlife Research Center, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 2362 WY-34, Wheatland, Wyoming 82201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services, Wildlife Health Laboratory, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry S.","family":"Sondgeroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Rd., Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"JJ Beecham, CP Collins, TD Reynolds,  \"Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): A technical conservation assessment.\"  (2007)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CJ Butler, WH Edwards, JT Paterson, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  13, \"Respiratory pathogens and their associations with population performance in Montana and Wyoming bighorn sheep populations.\" e0207780 (2018)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207780"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WE Cook, TE Cornish, S Shideler, et al.  \"J Wild Dis.\"  33, \"Radiometric culture of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis from the feces of tule elk.\" 635 (1997)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.3.635"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Daniels, MR Hutchings, PM Beard, et al.  \"J Wild Dis.\"  39, \"Do non-ruminant wildlife pose a risk of paratuberculosis to domestic livestock and vice versa in Scotland?\" 10 (2003)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.1.10"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"WJ. Foreyt,  \"Veterinary parasitology reference manual.\"  256 (2001)"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Forde, S Kutz, J De Buck, et al.  \"J Wild Dis.\"  48, \"Occurrence, diagnosis, and strain typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in southwestern Alberta.\" 1 (2012)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-48.1.1"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Geist,  \"J Wildl Manage.\"  30, \"Validity of horn segment counts in aging bighorn sheep.\" 634 (1966)","DOI":"10.2307\/3798763"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MM Islam, AK Elfadl, A Naeem, et al.  \"Pathogens.\"  14, \"Epidemiology and diversity of paratuberculosis in the Arabian Peninsula: A systematic review and meta-analysis with implications for one health.\" 841 (2025)","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14090841"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Jessup, B Abbas, D Behymer, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  179, \"Paratuberculosis in tule elk in California.\" 1252 (1981)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1981.179.11.1252"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EJ Manning  and MT Collins  \"Rev Sci Tech.\"  20, \"Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis.\" 133 (2001)","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.20.1.1275"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EJB Manning, TE Kucera, NB Gates, et al.  \"J Wild Dis.\"  39, \"Testing for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in asymptomatic free-ranging tule Elk from an infected herd.\" 323 (2003)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.2.323"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"\"Johne's disease on US dairy operations.\"  (1997)"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"\"Johne's disease on US dairies, 1991\u20132007.\"  (2008)"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"\"Diagnosis and control of Johne's disease.\"  \"Johne's disease in domesticated and wild animals.\" 16 (2003)"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CF Quist, VF Nettles, EJB Manning, et al.  \"J Wild Dis.\"  38, \"Paratuberculosis in key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium).\" 729 (2002)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-38.4.729"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AK Schilling, MV Mazzamuto, C Romeo,  \"Animals.\"  12, \"A review of non-invasive sampling in wildlife disease and health research: What's new?\" 1719 (2022)","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12131719"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Sleeman, EJB Manning, JH Rohm, et al.  \"J Wild Dis.\"  45, \"Johne's disease in a free-ranging white-tailed deer from Virginia and subsequent surveillance for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.\" 201 (2009)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.1.201"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RA Smiley, BL Wagler, WH Edwards, et al.  \"Proc R Soc B.\"  291, \"Infection\u2013nutrition feed-backs: Fat supports pathogen clearance but pathogens reduce fat in a wild mammal.\" 20240636 (2024)","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2024.0636"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ES Williams, TR Spraker, GG Schoonveld,  \"J Wild Dis.\"  15, \"Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in bighorn sheep and a Rocky Mountain goat in Colorado.\" 221 (1979)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-15.2.221"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ES Williams, SP Snyder, KL Martin,  \"Vet Pathol.\"  20, \"Pathology of spontaneous and experimental infection of North American wild ruminants with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.\" 274 (1983)","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588302000304"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ES Williams, JC DeMartini, SP Snyder,  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  46, \"Lymphocytes blastogenesis, complement fixation, and fecal culture as diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in North American wild ruminants and domestic sheep.\" 2317 (1985)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.11.2317"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ES. Williams,  \"Infectious diseases of wild mammals.\"  \"Paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases.\" 361 (2001)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344880"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"Wyoming Livestock Board,  \"State veterinarian report to the Joint Agriculture, State and Public Lands and Water Resources Committee.\"  (2018)"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Carta, J \u00c1lvarez, JM P\u00e9rez de la Lastra, et al.  \"Res Vet Sci.\"  94, \"Wildlife and paratuberculosis: A review.\" 191 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.11.002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:08:13Z","timestamp":1793765293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-62\/issue-4\/JWD-D-25-00170\/Mycobacterium-avium-subsp-paratuberculosis-Infection-in-a-Rocky-Mountain-Bighorn\/10.7589\/JWD-D-25-00170.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00170","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]}}}