{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:28:02Z","timestamp":1793766482057,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Marsupials of the genus Didelphis are important wild hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. They exhibit infection patterns influenced by parasite lineage, as well as distinctive immune responses. We herein assessed the infection status of white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) in the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza (MAM), Argentina, by integrating parasitologic data and serologic responses to T. cruzi antigens (crude homogenates and recombinant proteins) with physiologic and ecologic parameters of the animals. We captured 33 opossums between 2018 and 2021. High infection rates were detected, with 64% (21\/33) seropositive by homogenate-based ELISA and 48% (10\/21) positivity by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Parasite loads ranged from &lt;0.001 to 40.98 parasite-equivalents\/mL, and infected animals were detected in both peri-urban and rural sites. Animals that were qPCR-positive, seronegative occurred exclusively in peri-urban areas, suggesting acute, active infections, whereas seropositive, qPCR-negative individuals generally exhibited good or regular body condition, consistent with chronic or controlled infections. Hierarchical clustering of the reactivity of seropositive animals to recombinant T. cruzi antigens (Ag1 and trypomastigote small surface antigen isoforms) enabled three distinct serologic profiles to be identified. These profiles were associated with different physiologic and ecologic features and were therefore probably caused by infection with different T. cruzi genotypes. Overall, these findings highlight the complex epidemiologic role of D. albiventris in T. cruzi transmission in the MAM and support antigen-specific serology as a useful tool to infer infection dynamics and parasite diversity in epidemiologic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-26-00034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:17:57Z","timestamp":1793765877000},"page":"929-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ASSESSMENT OF TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTION STATUS IN WHITE-EARED OPOSSUMS (DIDELPHIS ALBIVENTRIS) OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF MENDOZA, ARGENTINA"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Melisa E.","family":"Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina y Biolog\u00eda Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s\/n, Parque General San Mart\u00edn, Mendoza, C.P. 5500, Argentin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Romer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn (UNSAM) and CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Mart\u00edn, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1650, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Balouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn (UNSAM) and CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Mart\u00edn, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1650, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Domizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina y Biolog\u00eda Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s\/n, Parque General San Mart\u00edn, Mendoza, C.P. 5500, Argentin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo A.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenier\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cDr. H\u00e9ctor N. Torres,\u201d CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Buscaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn (UNSAM) and CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Mart\u00edn, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1650, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Superina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina y Biolog\u00eda Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s\/n, Parque General San Mart\u00edn, Mendoza, C.P. 5500, Argentin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Acosta, E L\u00f3pez, MD Lewis, et al.  \"Parasitology.\"  144, \"Hosts and vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in the Chagas disease endemic region of the Paraguayan Chaco.\" 884 (2017)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002663"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JA Alvarado-Otegui, LA Ceballos, MM Orozco, et al.  \"Acta Trop.\"  124, \"The sylvatic transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area in the humid Chaco of Argentina.\" 79 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.06.010"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HD Argibay, MM Orozco, MV Cardinal, et al.  \"Parasitology.\"  143, \"First finding of Trypanosoma cruzi II in vampire bats from a district free of domestic vector-borne transmission in Northeastern Argentina.\" 1358 (2016)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000925"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"C. 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Springer Earth System Sciences.\"  237 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-7420-8"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JA Hartigan  and MA Wong  \"J R Stat Soc C.\"  28, \"A K-means clustering algorithm.\" 100 (1979)","DOI":"10.2307\/2346830"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Hern\u00e1ndez, Z Cucunub\u00e1, C Fl\u00f3rez, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  10, \"Molecular diagnosis of Chagas disease in Colombia: Parasitic loads and discrete typing units in patients from acute and chronic phases.\" e0004997 (2016)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004997"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Herrera, PS D'Andrea, SCC Xavier, et al.  \"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.\"  99, \"Trypanosoma cruzi infection in wild mammals of the National Park \u2018Serra da Capivara\u2019 and its surroundings (Piau\u00ed, Brazil), an area endemic for Chagas disease.\" 379 (2005)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2004.07.006"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM Jansen, SCC Xavier, ALR Roque,  \"Acta Trop.\"  151, \"The multiple and complex and changeable scenarios of the Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle in the sylvatic environment.\" 1 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.07.018"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM Jansen, SCC Xavier, ALR Roque,  \"American trypanosomiasis Chagas disease: One hundred years of research.\"  \"Ecological aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi: Wild hosts and reservoirs.\" 243 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801029-7.00011-3"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"R. 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R package version 1.0.13.\"  (2025)"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AP Legey, AP Pinho, SCC Xavier, et al.  \"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop.\"  36, \"Trypanosoma cruzi in marsupial didelphids (Philander frenata and Didelhis marsupialis): Differences in the humoral immune response in natural and experimental infections.\" 241 (2003)","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822003000200008"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Lobo, V Balouz, L Melli, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  13, \"Molecular and antigenic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi TolT proteins.\" e0007245 (2019)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007245"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SJ Martinez, GN Nardella, ME Rodr\u00edguez, et al.  \"Curr Res Microb Sci.\"  3, \"Biological features of TcM: A new Trypanosoma cruzi isolate from Argentina classified into TcV lineage.\" 100152 (2022)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2022.100152"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PP Mart\u00ednez-Vega, M Rivera-P\u00e9rez, G Pellegrin, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  18, \"Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi (TcI) in different tissues of Didelphis virginiana from the metropolitan area of Merida, southeastern Mexico: Epidemiological relevance and implications for non-vector transmission routes.\" e0012733 (2024)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012733"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. McLean,  \"N Z J Zool.\"  41, \"Scent glands of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).\" 193 (2014)","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.2014.899506"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"\"Informe Especial Enfermedad de Chagas Mendoza 2017.\"  (2018)"},{"key":"38","unstructured":"ME. Morales,  \"Didelphis albiventris en la interacci\u00f3n de los ciclos de transmisi\u00f3n dom\u00e9sticos y silvestres de Trypanosoma cruzi.\"  146 (2023)"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ME Morales, R Cimino, JP Mackern-Oberti, et al.  \"EcoHealth.\"  22, \"Eco-epidemiological survey of Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs from Mendoza, Argentina.\" 79 (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-024-01693-8"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ME Morales  and M Superina  \"Notas sobre Mam\u00edferos Sudamericanos.\"  7, \"First report of a color anomaly in a white-eared opossum Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840 in an urban area of Mendoza, Argentina.\" e25.1132 (2025)","DOI":"10.31687\/SaremNMS25.1132"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WAG Nantes, FM Santos, GC de Macedo, et al.  \"Parasitol Res.\"  120, \"Trypanosomatid species in Didelphis albiventris from urban forest fragments.\" 223 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06921-y"},{"key":"44","unstructured":"JR. Ponte,  \"Scripta Nova.\"  10, \"Historia del regad\u00edo: Las acequias de Mendoza, Argentina.\" 218 (2006)"},{"key":"46","unstructured":"JC Ram\u00edrez, CI Cura, Moreira O da Cruz, et al.  \"J Mol Diagn.\"  17, \"Analytical validation of quantitative real-time PCR methods for quantification of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in blood samples from Chagas disease patients.\" 605 (2015)"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Rodrigues-dos-Santos, MF Melo, L de Castro, et al.  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  12, \"Exploring the parasite load and molecular diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with chronic Chagas disease from different regions of Brazil.\" e0006939 (2018)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006939"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Rojo, A Sandoval-Rodr\u00edguez, A L\u00f3pez, et al.  \"Parasit Vectors.\"  10, \"Within-host temporal fluctuations of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units: The case of the wild reservoir rodent Octodon 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Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana): Implications for environmental and vertical transmission routes.\" e0010974 (2022)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010974"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DP Wehrendt, A G\u00f3mez-Bravo, JC Ramirez, et al.  \"Parasit Vectors.\"  12, \"Development and evaluation of a duplex TaqMan qPCR assay for detection and quantification of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic and sylvatic reservoir hosts.\" 567 (2019)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3817-9"},{"key":"54","unstructured":"\"Integrating neglected tropical diseases into global health and development: Fourth WHO report on neglected tropical diseases.\"  \"Chagas disease.\" 155 (2017)"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Zingales, SG Andrade, MRS Briones, et al.  \"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.\"  104, \"A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: Second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI.\" 1051 (2009)","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000700021"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Zingales  and DC Bartholomeu  \"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.\"  117, \"Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity: Impact on transmission cycles and Chagas disease.\" e210193 (2022)","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760210193"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SF Breni\u00e8re, E Waleckx, C Barnab\u00e9,  \"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.\"  10, \"Over six thousand Trypanosoma cruzi strains classified into discrete typing units (DTUs): Attempt at an inventory.\" e0004792 (2016)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004792"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Marcili, L Lima, M Cavazzana, et al.  \"Parasitology.\"  136, \"A new genotype of Trypanosoma cruzi associated with bats evidenced by phylogenetic analyses using SSU rDNA, cytochrome b and Histone H2B genes and genotyping based on ITS1 rDNA.\" 641 (2009)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009005861"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LC Perez Carusi, MI Farace, MM Ribicich, et al.  \"Mammalia.\"  73, \"Reproduction and parasitology of Didelphis albiventris (Didelphimorphia) in an agroecosystem landscape in central Argentina.\" 89 (2009)","DOI":"10.1515\/MAMM.2009.033"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MM Orozco, GF Enriquez, JA Alvarado-Otegui, et al.  \"Am J Trop Med Hyg.\"  88, \"New sylvatic hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi and their reservoir competence in the humid Chaco of Argentina: A longitudinal study.\" 872 (2013)","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0519"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ALR Roque, SCC Xavier, MG da Rocha, et al.  \"Am J Trop Med Hyg.\"  79, \"Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle among wild and domestic mammals in three areas of orally transmitted Chagas disease outbreaks.\" 742 (2008)","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.742"},{"key":"45","unstructured":"\"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.\"  (2023)"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Deane, HL Lenzi, A Jansen,  \"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.\"  79, \"Trypanosoma cruzi: vertebrate and invertebrate cycles in the same mammal host, the opossum Didelphis marsupialis.\" 513 (1984)","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761984000400021"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IB Zecca, CL Hodo, S Slack, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl.\"  11, \"Trypanosoma cruzi infections and associated pathology in urban-dwelling Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana).\" 287 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.03.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:18:04Z","timestamp":1793765884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-62\/issue-4\/JWD-D-26-00034\/ASSESSMENT-OF-TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI-INFECTION-STATUS-IN-WHITE-EARED-OPOSSUMS\/10.7589\/JWD-D-26-00034.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-26-00034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558","1943-3700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]}}}