{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T06:45:17Z","timestamp":1776667517362,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"DOI":"10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:49:23Z","timestamp":1776664163000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disease Investigation in Norwegian Killer Whales (Orcinus orca): Challenges and Needs for Improving Free-Living Cetacean Health Assessments"],"prefix":"10.7589","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Universitetsall\u00e9en 11, Bod\u00f8 8026, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audun H.","family":"Rikardsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Troms\u00f8 9019, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Anne","family":"Blanchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Troms\u00f8 9019, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Jourdain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Orca Survey, Breivikveien 10, Andenes 8480, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Waugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Universitetsall\u00e9en 11, Bod\u00f8 8026, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Bl\u00e9vin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, Troms\u00f8 9007, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4415","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Andvik, E Jourdain, A Ruus, et al.  \"Sci Rep.\"  10, \"Preying on seals pushes killer whales from Norway above pollution effects thresholds.\" 11888 (2020)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68659-y"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MC Bento, R Canha, C Eira, et al.  \"Infect Genet Evol.\"  67, \"Herpesvirus infection in marine mammals: A retrospective molecular survey of stranded cetaceans in the Portuguese coastline.\" 222 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.11.013"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Bories, AH Rikardsen, P Leonards, et al.  \"Ecol Evol.\"  11, \"A deep dive into fat: Investigating blubber lipidomic fingerprint of killer whales and humpback whales in northern Norway.\" 6716 (2021)","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.7523"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Costa, P Ramstedt, M Bergsma, et al.  \"BMC Vet Res.\"  21, \"Deep breath out: Molecular survey of selected pathogens in blow and skin biopsies from North Atlantic cetaceans.\" 709 (2025)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-05152-6"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Charostad,  Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, S Mahmoudvand, et al.  \"Travel Med Infect Dis.\"  55, \"A comprehensive review of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1: An imminent threat at doorstep.\" 102638 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2023.102638"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KR Groch, SA Taniwaki, CM Favero, et al.  \"J Virol Methods.\"  285, \"A novel real-time PCR to detect Cetacean morbillivirus in Atlantic cetaceans.\" 113964 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2020.113964"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SE. Hale,  \"Environ Plan E Nat Space.\"  8, \"Snorkelling with orcas (killer whales) in Skjerv\u00f8y, northern Norway: Ambivalent encounters in a crowded tourism space.\" 770 (2025)","DOI":"10.1177\/25148486251319672"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TW Horton, N Hauser, S Cassel, et al.  \"Front Mar Sci.\"  6, \"Doctor drone: Non-invasive measurement of humpback whale vital signs using unoccupied aerial system infrared thermography.\" 466 (2019)","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00466"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Jourdain, F Ugarte, GA V\u00edkingsson, et al.  \"Mamm Rev.\"  49, \"North Atlantic killer whale Orcinus orca populations: A review of current knowledge and threats to conservation.\" 384 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12168"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Jourdain  and D Vongraven  \"Mamm Bio.\"  86, \"Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) and killer whale (Orcinus orca) feeding aggregations for foraging on herring (Clupea harengus) in northern Norway.\" 27 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mambio.2017.03.006"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EM Jourdain, FIP Samarra, SB Tavares, et al.  \"Aquat Mamm.\"  43, \"Incidence of probable vertebral column deformities in Norwegian and Icelandic killer whales (Orcinus orca).\" 682 (2017)","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.43.6.2017.682"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JH. Landsberg,  \"Rev Fish Sci.\"  10, \"The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms.\" 113 (2002)","DOI":"10.1080\/20026491051695"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"\"Fugleinfluensa hos villfugl i Norge.\"  (2025)"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Postel, N Gremmel, C Lydersen, et al.  \"Emerg Microbes Infect.\"  14, \"Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N5) detected in an Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, 2023.\" 2456146 (2025)","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2025.2456146"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Raverty, J St Leger, DP Noren, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  15, \"Pathology findings and correlation with body condition index in stranded killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northeastern Pacific and Hawaii from 2004 to 2013.\" e0242505 (2020)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242505"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U Siebert, J St\u00fcrznickel, T Schaffeld, et al.  \"Environ Int.\"  159, \"Blast injury on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Baltic Sea after explosions of deposits of World War II ammunition.\" 107014 (2022)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.107014"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Thorsson, S Zohari, A Roos, et al.  \"Emerg Infect Dis.\"  29, \"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a harbor porpoise, Sweden.\" 852 (2023)","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2904.221426"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Venn-Watson, R Daniels, C Smith,  \"Dis Aquat Organ.\"  99, \"Thirty-year retrospective evaluation of pneumonia in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus population.\" 237 (2012)","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02471"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Vogel, M Biuw, M Blanchet, et al.  \"Mar Ecol Prog Ser.\"  665, \"Killer whale movements on the Norwegian shelf are associated with herring density.\" 217 (2021)","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13685"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Sierra, A Fern\u00e1ndez, I Felipe-Jim\u00e9nez, et al.  \"Front Vet Sci.\"  7, \"Histopathological differential diagnosis of meningoencephalitis in cetaceans: Morbillivirus, herpesvirus, Toxoplasma gondii, Brucella sp., and Nasitrema sp.\" 650 (2020)","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00650"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Murawski, T Fabrizio, R Ossiboff, et al.  \"Commun Biol.\"  7, \"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida.\" 476 (2024)","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06173-x"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DR VanDevanter, P Warrener, L Bennett, et al.  \"J Clin Microbiol.\"  34, \"Detection and analysis of diverse herpesviral species by consensus primer PCR.\" 1666 (1996)","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1666-1671.1996"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JPW Desforges, C Sonne, M Levin, et al.  \"Environ Int.\"  86, \"Immunotoxic effects of environmental pollutants in marine mammals.\" 126 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.10.007"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MF Van Bressem, PJ Duignan, A Banyard, et al.  \"Viruses.\"  6, \"Cetacean morbillivirus: current knowledge and future directions.\" 5145 (2014)","DOI":"10.3390\/v6125145"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wildlife Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:49:36Z","timestamp":1776664176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-wildlife-diseases\/volume-62\/issue-2\/JWD-D-25-00055\/Disease-Investigation-in-Norwegian-Killer-Whales-Orcinus-orca--Challenges\/10.7589\/JWD-D-25-00055.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/jwd-d-25-00055","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3558","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]}}}