{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:57:47Z","timestamp":1785193067153,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["helicojournal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"abstract":"Objectives: The identification of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> is one of the main tasks of diagnostic histopathologists when evaluating endoscopic gastric biopsies. The sensitivity and specificity of different stains that facilitate this identification vary. Despite the existing guidelines, many histopathology laboratories perform routine histochemical staining of all gastric biopsies to improve turnaround times. This study assessed the utility of an <i>H. pylori<\/i> immunohistochemical (IHC) stain compared with a routinely used histochemical stain, cresyl violet (CV), in the South African setting.Methods: Cases were identified retrospectively, and original histopathology reports were used to establish the \u201cground truth\u201d diagnoses. Three pathologists independently evaluated the CV and IHC stains; each pathologist was timed in a standardized manner. The sensitivity, specificity, interobserver variability, and time taken to identify <i>H. pylori<\/i> with each stain were compared.Results: The overall sensitivity and specificity for IHC staining (85.2% and 97.7%, respectively) were higher than those for CV staining (64.5% and 90.6%, respectively). Detection of <i>H. pylori<\/i> took an average of 16 and 49 seconds using the IHC and CV stains, respectively. The prevalence of <i>H. pylori<\/i> in our laboratory was 23.7%, which is lower than the reported national prevalence in South Africa.Conclusions: IHC stain-based detection of <i>H. pylori<\/i> in inflamed gastric biopsies demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity than CV staining. This was particularly true for cases involving patients with low bacterial loads. The interpretation of <i>H. pylori<\/i> IHC staining is much faster than that associated with CV staining, which is important in centers with high caseloads and shortages of pathologists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7704\/kjhugr.2023.0048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T07:48:37Z","timestamp":1709884117000},"page":"45-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7704\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Role of Helicobacter pylori Immunohistochemistry in the Histopathological Assessment of Inflamed Endoscopic Gastric Biopsies"],"prefix":"10.7704","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7274-8867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0438-768X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Bruce-Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-749X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Washington","family":"Mudini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-1692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro Pietro","family":"Aldera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4435","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection: an overview of bacterial virulence factors and pathogenesis","author":"Kao","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0035-9203(97)90253-4"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Natal\/KwaZulu, South Africa","author":"Sathar","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh.2009.24.3.249"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"420","volume-title":"Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Hooi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081458"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V\/Florence Consensus Report","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1986"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Polymerase chain reaction-based tests for detecting Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin resistance in stool samples: a meta-analysis","author":"Gong","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Are routine ancillary stains required to diagnose Helicobacter infection in gastric biopsy specimens? An institutional quality assurance review","author":"Hartman","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"733","volume-title":"Helicobacter pylori: to stain or not to stain?","author":"Smith","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.11.014"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Upfront special staining for Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy specimens is not indicated","author":"Chitkara","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"363","volume-title":"[Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric biopsies: standard stain, special stain or immunohistochemistry?]","author":"Benoit","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"e12","volume-title":"Appropriate use of special stains for identifying Helicobacter pylori: recommendations from the Rodger C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society","author":"Batts","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori by invasive test: histology","author":"Lee","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Helicobacter pylori detection in chronic gastritis: a comparison of staining methods","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"e12387","volume-title":"Sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori detection by Giemsa staining is poor in comparison with immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization and strongly depends on inflammatory activity","author":"Kocsm\u00e1r","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"e12597","volume-title":"Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: 2016 revised edition","author":"Kato","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132755"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"591","volume-title":"The updated Sydney system: classification and grading of gastritis as the basis of diagnosis and treatment","author":"Stolte","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-1586-pattpd"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Correlation of serology with morphological changes in gastric biopsy in Helicobacter pylori infection and evaluation of immunohistochemistry for H. pylori identification","author":"Shukla","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"36","volume-title":"The immunohistochemistry and toluidine blue roles for Helicobacter pylori detection in patients with gastritis","author":"Tajalli","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"293","volume-title":"The puzzle of coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori: beyond basic science","author":"Ierardi","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/helicojournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjhugr-2023-0048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/helicojournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.7704\/kjhugr.2023.0048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/helicojournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjhugr-2023-0048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T01:44:31Z","timestamp":1710467071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/helicojournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.7704\/kjhugr.2023.0048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7704\/kjhugr.2023.0048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1738-3331","2671-826X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-3331","type":"print"},{"value":"2671-826X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}