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Las amebas no pat\u00f3genas Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii y Entamoeba bangladeshi son morfol\u00f3gicamente id\u00e9nticas a Entamoeba histolytica, par\u00e1sito responsable de la amebiasis, por lo cual se necesitan t\u00e9cnicas moleculares para diferenciarlas.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de las diferentes especies de Entamoeba mediante reacci\u00f3n en cadena de la polimerasa (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) en muestras fecales de ni\u00f1os menores de cinco a\u00f1os con diarrea, provenientes de Maracaibo (Venezuela).Materiales y m\u00e9todos. Se recolect\u00f3 una muestra fecal por individuo en 75 ni\u00f1os con diarrea (grupo de casos) y en 25 ni\u00f1os sin diarrea (grupo control). Las heces se evaluaron mediante examen microsc\u00f3pico, m\u00e9todo de concentraci\u00f3n de form\u00f3l-\u00e9ter y PCR m\u00faltiple anidada en una sola ronda para identificar E. histolytica, E. dispar y E. moshkovskii. Adem\u00e1s, se hizo una encuesta en la que se recopilaron los datos demogr\u00e1ficos, signos, manifestaciones cl\u00ednicas y estrato socioecon\u00f3mico de los ni\u00f1os.Resultados. El 48 % de los participantes (38 del grupo de casos y 10 del grupo de control) ten\u00edan enteropar\u00e1sitos. Solo en las muestras de cuatro de los ni\u00f1os, se encontraron quistes del complejo Entamoeba (tres en el grupo de casos y uno en el de control). Mediante PCR se amplificaron nueve muestras (9 %) para la detecci\u00f3n de las amebas estudiadas. En el grupo de casos se registraron tres (28,13 %) de E. histolytica, cuatro (30,50 %) de E. dispar y una (9,37 %) de E. moshkovskii, en tanto que solo una (25 %) muestra amplific\u00f3 para E. dispar en el grupo de control.Conclusi\u00f3n. En general, predomin\u00f3 E. dispar; sin embargo, todos los infectados con E. histolytica se detectaron en el grupo de ni\u00f1os con diarrea y se detect\u00f3 el primer caso de E. moshkovskii en la regi\u00f3n.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.5584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T19:39:52Z","timestamp":1622576392000},"page":"23-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identificaci\u00f3n molecular de Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar y Entamoeba moshkovskii en ni\u00f1os con diarrea en Maracaibo, Venezuela"],"prefix":"10.7705","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Zulbey","family":"Rivero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisbeth","family":"Villareal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Bracho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carem","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4444","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"103396","unstructured":"R\u00edos-Uil J, Mercadillo-P\u00e9rez P, Yuil de R\u00edos E, R\u00edos-Castro M. 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