{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:53:05Z","timestamp":1775807585607,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["revistabiomedica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["biomedica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used to treat malignant neoplasias and control autoimmune diseases. Still, one of its metabolites, acrolein, is toxic to the urothelium and can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis and severe discomfort.Objective. To evaluate the ability of red propolis to prevent and treat CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.Materials and methods. Red propolis was extracted in 1% gum arabic and administered subcutaneously (sc). In the first experiment, groups IA, IIA, and IIIA and groups IB, IIB, and IIIB received water, gum arabic (GA), or propolis, respectively, for 30 days. Then water (controls) or CP (treatment) was administered i.p. In the second experiment, groups IVA, VA, and VIA received water i.p. while groups IVB, VB, and VIB received CP i.p. This was followed by 5 injections at 2-hour intervals with either water, GA, or propolis. Bladder tissue was examined according to Gray\u2019s criteria.Results. The total inflammatory histology score was significantly smaller in group VIB (11.33 \u00b1 2.07). Mild inflammation predominated in group VIB while most of the animals in group IVB had severe inflammation (p=0.0375). Ulcers were predominantly multiple in Groups IVA and VB but rare or absent in Group VIB (p=0.0118). Urothelial cells were mostly absent in groups IVB and VB and present\/normal in group VIB (p=0.0052). Fibrin was abundant in groups IVB and VA but mostly absent in group VIB (p=0.0273).Conclusions. Red propolis can reduce inflammation in CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.6087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T17:01:11Z","timestamp":1657731671000},"page":"253-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Red propolis reduces inflammation in cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats"],"prefix":"10.7705","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9492-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayanna","family":"De Oliveira Ramos Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7506-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lio","family":"De Sousa Peres J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Araujo Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus","family":"De Sousa Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7031-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma Leda","family":"Gomes de Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8893-5323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Vagnaldo","family":"Fechine Jamacaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1692-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Aparecida","family":"Dornelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4444","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"108897","unstructured":"Ayza MA, Zewdie KA, Tesfaye BA, Wondafrash DZ, Berhe AH. The role of antioxidants in ameliorating cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"108898","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":";2020:4965171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4965171","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4965171"},{"key":"108899","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teles KA, Medeiros-Souza P, Lima FAC, Ara\u00fajo BG, Lima RA. Cyclophosphamide administration routine in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A review. Rev Bras Reumatol Engl. 2017;57:596-604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbre.2016.09.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbre.2016.09.008"},{"key":"108900","unstructured":"Haldar S, Dru C, Bhowmick, NA. Mechanisms of hemorrhagic cystitis. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2014;2:199-208."},{"key":"108901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mbanefo EC, Le L, Zee R, Banskota N, Ishida K, Pennington LF, et al. IPSE, a urogenital parasite-derived immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis through downregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-38274-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38274-z"},{"key":"108902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang C, Fang W, Lv T, Gu Y, Lv J. Neuronal dual leucine zipper kinase mediates inflammatory and nociceptive responses in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. J Innate Immun. 2021;13:259-68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000514545","DOI":"10.1159\/000514545"},{"key":"108903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rufatto RC, Santos DA, Marinho F, Henriques JAP, Ely MR, Moura S. Red propolis: Chemical composition and pharmacological activity. Asian Pacific Jo Trop Biomed. 2017;7:591-59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjtb.2017.06.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2017.06.009"},{"key":"108904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morais DV, Rosalen PL, Ikegaki M, Silva APS, Massarioli AP, Alencar SM. Active antioxidant phenolics from Brazilian red propolis: An optimization study for their recovery and identification by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10:297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10020297","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020297"},{"key":"108905","unstructured":"Shukla S, Bhadauria M, Jadon A. Effect of propolis extract on acute carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Exp Biol. 2004;42: 993-7."},{"key":"108906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hotta S, Uchiyama S, Ichihara K. Brazilian red propolis extract enhances expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020;84:1820-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09168451.2020.1773756","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2020.1773756"},{"key":"108907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis J, Barreto GA, Cerqueira JC, Anjos J, Andrade LN, Padilha FF, et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant profile and cytotoxic activity of red propolis extracts from different regions of northeastern Brazil obtained by conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction. PloS ONE. 2019;14:e0219063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0219063","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219063"},{"key":"108908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray KJ , Engelmann UH, Johnson EH , Fishman IJ. Evaluation of misoprostol cytoprotection of the bladder with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). J Urol. 1986;136:497-500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44929-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44929-9"},{"key":"108909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguiar GR, de Lemos TL, Dornelas CA, da Silva AM, de Almeida MC, Ferreira DA, et al. Chemical study and biological evaluation of the red propolis from Alagoas. Rev Virtual Quim. 2018;10:2-12.","DOI":"10.21577\/1984-6835.20180002"},{"key":"108910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maia BS, Celani LM, Moreira MD, Ara\u00fajo-Filho I, Medeiros AC. Use of simvastatin in the prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced ureteral mucositis. Journal of Surgical and Clinical Research Abreviar. 2018;8:130-9.","DOI":"10.20398\/jscr.v8i2.14302"},{"key":"108911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ludeman SM. The chemistry of the metabolites of cyclophosphamide. Curr Pharm Des.1999;5:627-43.","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612805666230110215458"},{"key":"108912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ochoa R, Bejarano PA, Gl\u00fcck S, Montero AJ. Pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis in a patient receiving adjuvant docetaxel and cyclophosphamide for stage 3 breast cancer: A case report and literature review. J Med Case Rep. 2012;6:413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186 \/ 1752-1947-6-413","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-6-413"},{"key":"108913","unstructured":"Paul R, Kulkarni P, Ganesh N. Avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill) exhibits chemoprotective potentiality against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity in human lymphocyte culture. J Exp Ther Oncol. 2011;9:221-30."},{"key":"108914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayhanci A, Tanriverdi DT, Sahinturk V, Cengiz M, Appak-Baskoy S, Sahin IK. Protective effects of boron on cyclophosphamide-induced bladder damage and oxidative stress in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;197:184-91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01969-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01969-z"},{"key":"108915","unstructured":"Junior RN, Fialho EM, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o AK, Machado JL, Arruda D, Furtado PG, et al. Characterization of the inflammatory model of cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide in Swiss mice. Rev Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade. 2013;15:55-67."},{"key":"108916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro RA, Lima-Junior RC, Leite CA, Mota JM, Macedo FY, Lima MV, et al. Chemotherapyinduced hemorrhagic cystitis: Pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. J Exp Integr Med. 2012;2:95-112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/jeim.080312.ir.010","DOI":"10.5455\/jeim.080312.ir.010"},{"key":"108917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Naggar SA, Alm-Eldeen AA, Germoush MO, El-Boray KF, Elgebaly HA. Ameliorative effect of propolis against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in mice. Pharm Biol. 2015;53:235-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13880209.2014.914230","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.914230"},{"key":"108918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodel KV, Machado BA, Santos NR, Costa RG, Menezes-Filho JA, Umsza-Guez MA. Metal content of nutritional and toxic value in different types of Brazilian propolis. Scientific World Journal. 2020;4395496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4395496","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4395496"},{"key":"108919","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendon\u00e7a IC, Porto IC, Nascimento TG, Sousa NS, Oliveira JM, Arruda RE, et al. Brazilian red propolis: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and effect against cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-015-0888-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0888-9"},{"key":"108920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braga VN, Juanes CC, Peres J, Souza H, Sousa JR, Cavalcanti BC, et al. Gum arabic and red propolis protecteting colorectal preneoplastic lesions in a rat model of azoxymethane. Acta Cir\u00fargica Brasileira. 2019;34:e201900207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0102-8650201900207","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-8650201900207"},{"key":"108921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akyol S, Ozturk G, Ginis Z, Armutcu F, Yigitoglu MR, Akyol O. In vivo and in vitro antineoplastic actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): Therapeutic perspectives. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65:515-26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01635581.2013.776693","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2013.776693"},{"key":"108922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uysal E, Y\u0131lmaz HR, Ugan Y, Altuntas A, Dogru A, Kutlucan A. Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2015;29: 559-63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.21728","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21728"},{"key":"108923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melo NO, Juanes CC, Alves MF, Silva ET, Jamacaru FV, Lemos TL, et al. Effect of red propolis on hamster cheek pouch angiogenesis in a new sponge implant model. Acta Cir\u00fargica Brasileira. 2018;33:420-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0102-865020180050000004","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-865020180050000004"},{"key":"108924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juanes CC, Souza SM, Braga VN, Barreto FS, Aguiar GR, Pimentel KD, et al. Red propolis and L-lysine on angiogenesis and tumor growth in a new model of hamster cheek pouch inoculated with Walker 256 tumor cells. Einstein. 2019;17:eAO4576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2019ao4576","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2019AO4576"}],"container-title":["Biom\u00e9dica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revistabiomedica.org\/index.php\/biomedica\/article\/download\/6087\/5032","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistabiomedica.org\/index.php\/biomedica\/article\/download\/6087\/5032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T14:01:53Z","timestamp":1676124113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revistabiomedica.org\/index.php\/biomedica\/article\/view\/6087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/biomedica.6087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-7379","0120-4157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-7379","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0120-4157","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer Reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer Review"}},{"value":"Instituto Nacional de Salud","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomedica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"Presentaci\u00f3n de caso","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"}]}}