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The multifactorial etiology of gastroenteritis emphasizes the need for different laboratory methods to identify or exclude infectious agents and evaluate the severity of diarrheal disease.Objective. To diagnose the infectious etiology in diarrheic children and to evaluate some fecal markers associated with intestinal integrity.Materials and methods. The study group comprised 45 children with diarrheal disease, tested for enteropathogens and malabsorption markers, and 76 children whose feces were used for fat evaluation by the traditional and acid steatocrit tests.Results. We observed acute diarrhea in 80% of the children and persistent diarrhea in 20%. Of the diarrheic individuals analyzed, 40% were positive for enteropathogens, with rotavirus (13.3%) and Giardia duodenalis (11.1%) the most frequently diagnosed. Among the infected patients, occult blood was more evident in those carrying pathogenic bacteria (40%) and enteroviruses (40%), while steatorrhea was observed in infections by the protozoa G. duodenalis (35.7%). Children with diarrhea excreted significantly more lipids in feces than non-diarrheic children, as determined by the traditional (p&lt;0.0003) and acid steatocrit (p&lt;0.0001) methods. Moreover, the acid steatocrit method detected 16.7% more fecal fat than the traditional method.Conclusions. Childhood diarrhea can lead to increasingly severe nutrient deficiencies. Steatorrhea is the hallmark of malabsorption, and a stool test, such as the acid steatocrit, can be routinely used as a laboratory tool for the semi-quantitative evaluation of fat malabsorption in diarrheic children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.6913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T15:23:00Z","timestamp":1713280980000},"page":"80-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Infectious etiology and indicators of malabsorption or intestinal injury in childhood diarrhea","Etiolog\u00eda infecciosa e indicadores de malabsorci\u00f3n o da\u00f1o intestinal en diarrea infantil"],"prefix":"10.7705","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5701-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adson Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8213-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samara Alves","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3250-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Alves da Silva","family":"Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas do Hospital Geral de Salvador \u2013 Hospital do Ex\u00e9rcito, Salvador, Brasil"},{"name":"aborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas do Hospital Geral de Salvador \u2013 Hospital do Ex\u00e9rcito, Salvador, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6507-433X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia Fraga","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil; 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