{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T13:45:07Z","timestamp":1784900707237,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia)","issue":"Sp. 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["revistabiomedica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. In recent decades, new non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and protocols have been developed, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.Objective. To identify and visualize the intellectual structure of non-invasive brain stimulation through document co-citation analysis.Materials and methods. We analyzed 30,854 Web of Science-indexed manuscripts and their 1,615,692 references regarding non-invasive brain stimulation, all published from 1988 to 2022. We drew a document co-citation network map using CiteSpace software.Results. The most productive journal was Clinical Neurophysiology. The most published institution was the University College London, and the country with the most reports was the USA. The most productive author was Alvaro Pascual-Leone and the most cited author in the non-invasive brain stimulation field was J. C. Rothwell. In addition, the most cited study was that of Rossi et al. (2009). The safe application of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and their effects on motor or executive functions is an emerging trend in this research area.Conclusions. The current investigation displayed a quantitative scientometric approach and delved into the advancement of non-invasive brain stimulation research by examining the references published in this domain. These findings can be valuable for professionals to picture the patterns of recognition and emerging directions in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.7040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T15:40:41Z","timestamp":1722354041000},"page":"139-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Knowledge domains and emerging trends in non-invasive brain stimulation: A bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace","Dominios del conocimiento y tendencias emergentes en la estimulaci\u00f3n cerebral no invasiva: un an\u00e1lisis bibliom\u00e9trico a trav\u00e9s de CiteSpace"],"prefix":"10.7705","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1320-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Ruiz-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Espa\u00f1a"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desir\u00e9e","family":"Victoria-Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Espa\u00f1a"},{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4928-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Fisioterapia, Podolog\u00eda y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Espa\u00f1a"},{"name":"Facultad de Fisioterapia, Podolog\u00eda y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4444","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"135635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kesikburun S. Non-invasive brain stimulation in rehabilitation. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;68:1-8 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tftrd.2022.10608","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2022.10608"},{"key":"135636","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liew SL, Santarnecchi E, Buch ER, Cohen LG. Non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation: Local and distant effects for motor recovery. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00378","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00378"},{"key":"135637","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet. 1985;325:1106-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(85)92413-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92413-4"},{"key":"135638","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang YZ, Lu MK, Antal A, Classen J, Nitsche M, Ziemann U, et al. Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: A position paper. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128:2318-29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.09.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.09.007"},{"key":"135639","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henrich-Noack P, Sergeeva E, Sabel B. Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation: From acute to late-stage treatment of central nervous system damage. Neural Regen Res. 2017;12:1590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.217322","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.217322"},{"key":"135640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Fuentes J, R\u00edos-D\u00edaz J, Mero\u00f1o-Gallut AJ, Mart\u00ednez-Pay\u00e1 JJ, del-Ba\u00f1o-Aledo ME. Caracterizaci\u00f3n de la base intelectual de la fisioterapia a trav\u00e9s del an\u00e1lisis de cocitaci\u00f3n de documentos. Fisioter. 2014;36:167-76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ft.2013.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ft.2013.10.001"},{"key":"135641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C, Ibekwe-SanJuan F, Hou J. The structure and dynamics of co-citation clusters: A multiple-perspective co-citation analysis. J Am Soc Inf Sci. 2010;61:1386-409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.21309","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21309"},{"key":"135642","unstructured":"Arencibia JR, Moya-Aneg\u00f3n F. La evaluaci\u00f3n de la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica: una aproximaci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica desde la cienciometr\u00eda. Acimed. 2018;17:1-27."},{"key":"135643","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miguel S, Moya-Aneg\u00f3n F, Herrero-Solana V. El an\u00e1lisis de co-citas como m\u00e9todo de investigaci\u00f3n en Bibliotecolog\u00eda y Ciencia de la Informaci\u00f3n. Investig Bibl. 2007;21:139-55.","DOI":"10.22201\/iibi.0187358xp.2007.43.4129"},{"key":"135644","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schargus M, Kromer R, Druchkiv V, Frings A. The top 100 papers in dry eye. A bibliometric analysis. Ocul Surf. 2018;16:180-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.09.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.09.006"},{"key":"135645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang YD, Li Y, Zhao J, Wang XY, Zhu HZ, Chen XH. Study of acupuncture for low back pain in recent 20 years: A bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace. J Pain Res. 2017;10:951-64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jpr.s132808","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S132808"},{"key":"135646","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma R, Ho YS. Comparison of environmental laws publications in Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Science Index: A bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics. 2016;109:227-39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2010-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2010-6"},{"key":"135647","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhri AF, Siddiqui A, Khan NR, Cohen HL. Understanding Bibliometric Parameters and Analysis. Radiographics. 2015;35:736-46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2015140036","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015140036"},{"key":"135648","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garfield E. Citation indexes for science: A new dimension in documentation through association of ideas. Science. 1955;122:108-11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.122.3159.108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.122.3159.108"},{"key":"135649","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler M. Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers. American documentation. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 1963;14:10-25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.5090140103","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.5090140103"},{"key":"135650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price D. Networks of scientific papers: The pattern of bibliographic references indicates the nature of the scientific research front. Science. 1965;149:510-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.149.3683.510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3683.510"},{"key":"135651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00f3rdoba-Cely C, Alpiste F, Londo\u00f1o F, Monguet J. An\u00e1lisis de cocitaci\u00f3n de autor en el modelo de aceptaci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gico, 2005-2010. Rev Esp Doc Cient. 2012;35:238-61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3989\/redc.2012.2.864","DOI":"10.3989\/redc.2012.2.864"},{"key":"135652","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson PM, Newton PJ, Ferguson C, Daly J, Elliott D, Homer C, et al. Rating and ranking the role of bibliometrics and webometrics in nursing and midwifery. Sci World J. 2014;2014:1-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/135812","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/135812"},{"key":"135653","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Small H. Co\u2010citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents. J Am Soc Inf Sci. 1973;24:265-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630240406","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630240406"},{"key":"135654","unstructured":"Marshakova-Shaikevich I. System of document connections based on references. Nauchn-Techn Inform. 1973;6:3-8."},{"key":"135655","unstructured":"Olmeda-G\u00f3mez C, Perianes-Rodr\u00edguez A, Ovalle-Perandones MA. Mapas de informaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica: redes de cocitaci\u00f3n de clases y categor\u00edas en la producci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica de los investigadores en Medicina de la Comunidad de Madrid (1995-2003). Corfu (Greece): Universidad Carlos III; 2007. p. 1-16."},{"key":"135656","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salom\u00f3n YP. Campo cient\u00edfico de la Comunicaci\u00f3n: examinando su estructura intelectual a trav\u00e9s del an\u00e1lisis de cocitaci\u00f3n. Rev Lat Comun Soc. 2010;65:204-13. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.4185\/RLCS-2010-893-204-213","DOI":"10.4185\/RLCS-2010-893-204-213"},{"key":"135657","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson M, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Doja A. Bibliometric analysis of neurology articles published in general medicine journals. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e215840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5840","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5840"},{"key":"135658","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Listik C, Listik E, Cury RG, Barbosa ER, Teixeira MJ, Andrade DCD. Deep brain stimulation treatment in dystonia: A bibliometric analysis. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr. 2020;78:586-92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0004-282x20200016","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20200016"},{"key":"135659","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu K, Moses ZB, Xu W, Williams Z. Bibliometric profile of deep brain stimulation. Br J Neurosurg. 2017;31:587-92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688697.2017.1324109","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2017.1324109"},{"key":"135660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Chen C, Pan T, Zhou X, Sun X, Zhang Z, et al. Trends and hotspots in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A 10-year bibliometric analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2024;16:1335550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1335550","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1335550"},{"key":"135661","unstructured":"Chen C. CiteSpace: A practical guide for mapping scientific literature. Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers; 2016."},{"key":"135662","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C. CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. J Am Soc Inf Sci. 2006;57:359-77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.20317","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20317"},{"key":"135663","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Z, Yin Y, Liu W, Dunford M. Visualizing the intellectual structure and evolution of innovation systems research: A bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics. 2015;103:135-58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-014-1517-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-014-1517-y"},{"key":"135664","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao F, Li C, Sun J, Zhang L. Knowledge domain and emerging trends in organic photovoltaic technology: A scientometric review based on CiteSpace analysis. Front Chem. 2017;5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2017.00067","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2017.00067"},{"key":"135665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C. The centrality of pivotal points in the evolution of scientific networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. ACM; 2005. p. 98-105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1040830.1040859","DOI":"10.1145\/1040830.1040859"},{"key":"135666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu S, Sun YP, Gao XL, Sui Y. Knowledge domain and emerging trends in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A scientometric review based on CiteSpace analysis. Neural Regen Res. 2019;14:1643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.255995","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.255995"},{"key":"135667","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C. Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive knowledge domain visualization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(Suppl. 1):S5303-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0307513100","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307513100"},{"key":"135668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;120:2008-39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016"},{"key":"135669","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, et al. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;126:1071-107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.001"},{"key":"135670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang YZ, Edwards MJ, Rounis E, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC. Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron. 2005;45:201-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033"},{"key":"135671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Cohen LG, Wassermann EM, Priori A, Lang N, Antal A, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008. Brain Stimul. 2008;1:206-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004"},{"key":"135672","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziemann U, L\u00f6nnecker S, Steinhoff BJ, Paulus W. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol. 1996;40:367-78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410400306","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400306"},{"key":"135673","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen R, Classen J, Gerloff C, Celnik P, Wassermann EM, Hallett M, et al. Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurol.1997;48:1398-403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.48.5.1398","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1398"},{"key":"135674","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stagg CJ, Nitsche MA. Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroscientist. 2011;17:37-53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858410386614","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410386614"},{"key":"135675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wassermann EM. Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;108:1-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0168-5597(97)00096-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(97)00096-8"},{"key":"135676","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lefaucheur JP, Andr\u00e9-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;125:2150-206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.021"},{"key":"135677","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lefaucheur JP, Antal A, Ayache SS, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Cogiamanian F, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128:56-92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087"},{"key":"135678","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pascual-Leone A, Rubio B, Pallard\u00f3 F, Catal\u00e1 M. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression. Lancet. 1996;348:233-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(96)01219-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)01219-6"},{"key":"135679","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothwell JC, Thompson P, Day B, Boyd S, Marsden C. Stimulation of the human motor cortex through the scalp. Exp Physiol. 1991;76:159-200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.1991.sp003485","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1991.sp003485"},{"key":"135680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothwell JC, Thompson P, Day B, Boyd S, Marsden C. Motor cortex stimulation in intact man: 1. General characteristics of EMG responses in different muscles. Exp Physiol.1987;76:159-200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/110.5.1173","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.5.1173"},{"key":"135681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groppa S, Oliviero A, Eisen A, Quartarone A, Cohen LG, Mall V, et al. A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report of an IFCN committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123:858-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.01.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.01.010"}],"container-title":["Biom\u00e9dica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revistabiomedica.org\/index.php\/biomedica\/article\/download\/7040\/5603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistabiomedica.org\/index.php\/biomedica\/article\/download\/7040\/5624","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistabiomedica.org\/index.php\/biomedica\/article\/download\/7040\/5603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:14:02Z","timestamp":1773324842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revistabiomedica.org\/index.php\/biomedica\/article\/view\/7040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Sp. 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/biomedica.7040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-7379","0120-4157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-7379","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0120-4157","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer Reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer Review"}},{"value":"Instituto Nacional de Salud","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomedica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"Art\u00edculos originales","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"}]}}