{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:40:49Z","timestamp":1773366049727,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020907","name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTIN-014-2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTIN-014-2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020907","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006070","name":"Universidad de los Andes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-2020-105-2030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-2020-105-2030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020907","name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTIN-014-2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTIN-014-2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020907","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006070","name":"Universidad de los Andes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-2020-105-2030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-2020-105-2030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["revistabiomedica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) longiflocosa is an endemic species from Colombia, found between the central and eastern Andes, and reported as one of the primary vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in coffee-growing zones of the country. This species is classified in the Townsendi series and can only be identified by the morphology of the male adults.Objective. To determine the potential use of the fourth larval stage of the vector Pi. longiflocosa in morphological taxonomy based on the description of its chaetotaxy.Materials and methods. Pintomyia longiflocosa adults were captured in Campoalegre, Huila, and reared in the Entomology Laboratory at the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud. To identify the setae found in each corporal segment, 15 fourth-instar larvae were mounted on microscope slides using Canadian balm after being cleared with 10 % potassium hydroxide and saturated phenol. Additionally, five specimens were prepared for their observation by scanning electron microscopy.Results. Based on the description of Pi. longiflocosa, we established that all species of the subgenus Pifanomyia so far described have the same antennal morphology and clavate setae along their body. However, various setae present in Pi. longiflocosa are absent in Pi. youngi, suggesting differences among the larvae of the Townsendi series.Conclusions. These results support the potential importance of morphological characters from the fourth larval instar, such as antennal morphology and chaetotaxy, specifically in closely related species that are cryptic in their adult stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.7124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T10:50:06Z","timestamp":1731063006000},"page":"564-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chaetotaxy of the fourth larval stage of Pintomyia longiflocosa, a primary vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia","Quetotaxia del cuarto estadio larval de Pintomyia longiflocosa, vector primario de leishmaniasis cut\u00e1nea en Colombia"],"prefix":"10.7705","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5002-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Cardona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Entomolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia;\u00a0Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Entomolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia;\u00a0Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9961-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Cristina","family":"Carrasquilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8089-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Entomolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Entomolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4444","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"140646","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Salud. Informe de vigilancia entomol\u00f3gica de leishmaniasis, Colombia, 2018. Accesses: August 30, 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.ins.gov.co\/buscador-eventos\/Informacin%20de%20laboratorio\/Informe-vigilancia-entomologica-Leishmaniasis-Colombia-2018.pdf"},{"key":"140647","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferro C, L\u00f3pez M, Fuya P, Lugo L, Cordovez JM, Gonz\u00e1lez C. Spatial distribution of sandfly vectors and eco-epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Colombia. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0139391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139391"},{"key":"140648","unstructured":"Pardo RH. The ecology and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the sub-Andean region of south-west Colombia (thesis). London: University of London; 2006. p. 311."},{"key":"140649","unstructured":"Morales DF, Casta\u00f1o CS, Lozano EA, Vallejo HS. Descripci\u00f3n de la epidemia de leishmaniasis cut\u00e1nea en Chaparral y San Antonio, 2003 y 2004 (semana 24). Inf Quinc Epidemiol Nac. 2004;9:177-92."},{"key":"140650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardo RH, Cabrera OL, Becerra J, Fuya P, Ferro C. Lutzomyia longiflocosa, posible vector en un foco de leishmaniasis cut\u00e1nea en la regi\u00f3n subandina del departamento del Tolima, Colombia, y el conocimiento que tiene la poblaci\u00f3n sobre este insecto. Biom\u00e9dica. 2006;26(Suppl.1):S95-108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/biomedica.v26i1.1504","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v26i1.1504"},{"key":"140651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Barraquer I, G\u00f3ngora R, Prager M, Pacheco R, Montero LM, Navas A, et al. Etiologic agent of an epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tolima, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;78:276-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.276","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.276"},{"key":"140652","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferro C, Mar\u00edn D, G\u00f3ngora R, Carrasquilla MC, Trujillo JE, Rueda NK, et al. Phlebotomine vector ecology in the domestic transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chaparral, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85:847-56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0560","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0560"},{"key":"140653","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas R, Romo GM, Santamar\u00eda E, Bello F, Ferro C. Lutzomyia longiflocosa (Diptera: Psychodidae) posible vector en el foco de leishmaniasis cut\u00e1nea del municipio de Planadas, zona cafetera del Tolima. Biom\u00e9dica. 1999;19:239-44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/biomedica.v19i3.1028","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v19i3.1028"},{"key":"140654","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas R, Pab\u00f3n E, Anaya H, Sandoval C. Presencia de Lutzomyia longiflocosa (Diptera: Psychodidae) en el foco de leishmaniasis tegumentaria del municipio de \u00c1brego, Norte de Santander. Primer registro para el departamento. Clon - Rev Inst Fac Salud Univ Pamplona. 2005;3:7-14."},{"key":"140655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras-Guti\u00e9rrez MA, V\u00e9lez ID, Porter C, Uribe S. Lista actualizada de flebotom\u00edneos (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) de la regi\u00f3n cafetera colombiana. Biom\u00e9dica. 2014;34:483-98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/biomedica.v34i3.2121","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v34i3.2121"},{"key":"140656","unstructured":"Galati EAB. Morfologia e terminologia de Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de t\u00e1xons das Am\u00e9ricas. Vol I. Apostila da disciplina bioecologia e Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Phlebotominae do programa de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em sa\u00fade p\u00fablica. S\u00e3o Paulo: Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo; 2023. p.134."},{"key":"140657","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bejarano EE, Rojas W, Uribe S, V\u00e9lez ID. Sistem\u00e1tica de especies de Lutzomyia del grupo verrucarum Theodor, 1965 (Diptera: Psychodidae). Biom\u00e9dica. 2003;23:87-102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/biomedica.v23i1.1200","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v23i1.1200"},{"key":"140658","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marialva EF, Secundino NF, Fernandes FF, Ara\u00fajo HR, R\u00edos-Vel\u00e1squez CM, Pimenta PF, et al. Morphological aspects of immature stages of Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), an important vector of leishmaniosis in South America, described by scanning electron microscopy. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0242163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242163","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.22.215624"},{"key":"140659","unstructured":"Hanson WJ. The immature stages of the subfamily Phlebotominae in Panam\u00e1 (Diptera: Psychodidae) (thesis). Kansas: The University of Kansas; 1968. p.164"},{"key":"140660","unstructured":"Ogusuku E, P\u00e9rez JE. Head setae of the immature stages of Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Per\u00fa. Bol Mal Salud Amb. 1995;35(Suppl.1):S257-68."},{"key":"140661","unstructured":"Cazorla D, Oviedo M. Quetotaxia del IV estadio larval de Lutzomyia youngi Feliciangeli & Murillo, 1987 (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). Bol Mal Salud Amb. 1998;38:109-18."},{"key":"140662","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cazorla D, Oviedo M, V\u00edvenes MA. Redescription of the chaetotaxy of the fourth instar larva of Lutzomyia evansi (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). 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Bogot\u00e1: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; 2016. p. 278."},{"key":"140666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modi GB, Tesh RB. A simple technique for mass rearing Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the laboratory. J Med Entomol. 1983;20:568-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmedent\/20.5.568","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/20.5.568"},{"key":"140667","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferro C, C\u00e1rdenas E, Corredor D, Morales A, Munstermann LE. Life cycle and fecundity analysis of Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar) (Diptera: Psychodidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1998;93:195-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0074-02761998000200011","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761998000200011"},{"key":"140668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young DG, Duncan MA. Guide to the identification and geographic distribution of Lutzomyia sandflies in M\u00e9xico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera: Psychodidae). 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Description of the fourth instar larva of Lutzomyia longipalpis, under scanning electron microscopy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1996;91:571-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0074-02761996000500007","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761996000500007"},{"key":"140673","unstructured":"Guitton N, Sherlock IA. Descri\u00e7\u00e3o das fases imaturas do Phlebotomus longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva. 1912) (Diptera, Psychodidae). Braz J Biol. 1969;29:383."},{"key":"140674","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson WJ. The breeding places of Phlebotomus in Panama (Diptera, Psychodidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 1961;54:317-22.","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/54.3.317"},{"key":"140675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward RD. The immature stages of some Phlebotomine sandflies from Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae). 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