{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T13:47:38Z","timestamp":1773323258771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia)","issue":"Sp. 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019331","name":"Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH FIC D43TW010540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH FIC D43TW010540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019331","name":"Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH FIC D43TW010540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH FIC D43TW010540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["revistabiomedica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Wildfire activity is intensifying in Latin America due to climate and land-use changes, but the health impacts of wildfire-derived PM2.5 in urban areas remain poorly quantified and recognized.Objective. To assess the evidence on wildfire-related PM2.5 and its association with mortality and morbidity in Latin American cities.Materials and methods. We conducted a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines, using data from PubMed, Scopus, and Bireme. One reviewer independently screened 163 articles and extracted data from 14 eligible studies. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results. Most studies were conducted in Brazil (n = 12) and used time-series or modelling designs to estimate health risks. Wildfire-specific PM2.5 exposure was associated with allcause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. Reported effect estimates ranged from 1.7 to 7.7% increases in risk per 10 \u03bcg\/m\u00b3 of exposure. Other studies assessed preterm birth, COVID-19 outcomes, and site-specific cancers. While two studies provided harmonized RR estimates for all-cause mortality, high heterogeneity and methodological differences prevented formal meta-analysis.Conclusion. Wildfire smoke contributes measurably to premature mortality in Latin America, but current evidence is unevenly distributed across regions, time periods, and population subgroups. Studies rarely capture the disproportionate risks faced by indigenous and rural communities or the intraurban disparities linked to poverty and geography. Future research should focus on the health burden of morbidity linked to wildfire PM2.5.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.8068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T21:32:05Z","timestamp":1764624725000},"page":"41-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7705\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health effects of wildfire PM2.5 in Latin American cities: A rapid systematic review and comparative synthesis","Efectos en la salud del PM2.5 por incendios forestales en ciudades de Latinoam\u00e9rica: revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica r\u00e1pida y s\u00edntesis comparativa"],"prefix":"10.7705","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeadran","family":"Malag\u00f3n-Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Observatorio Nacional de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogot\u00e1, D. C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0164-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4444","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"155448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taboada-Hermoza R, Mart\u00ednez AG. \u201cNo one Is safe\u201d: Agricultural burnings, wildfires and risk perception in two agropastoral communities in the Puna of Cusco, Per\u00fa [Preprint]. Preprints.org. 2025. Posted: December 3, 2024. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202412.0249.v1","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202412.0249.v1"},{"key":"155449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes KVR, Ignotti E, Hacon SDS. Circulatory disease mortality rates in the elderly and exposure to PM2.5 generated by biomass burning in the Brazilian Amazon in 2005. Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica. 2013;29:589-98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0102-311x2013000300016","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2013000300016"},{"key":"155450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Flores I, Panca M, Oyague E. Fire as driver of plant communities and soil properties changes in Puna grasslands in Southern Peruvian Andes. Environmental Challenges. 2024;17:101044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envc.2024.101044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2024.101044"},{"key":"155451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ros\u00e1rio N\u00c9D, Sena ET, Yamasoe MA. South American 2020 regional smoke plume: Intercomparison with previous years, impact on solar radiation, and the role of Pantanal biomass burning season. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2022;22:15021-33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-22-15021-2022","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-15021-2022"},{"key":"155452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pivello VR. The use of fire in the cerrado and amazonian rainforests of Brazil: Past and present. Fire Ecol. 2011;7:24-39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4996\/fireecology.0701024","DOI":"10.4996\/fireecology.0701024"},{"key":"155453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Moura FR, Machado PDW, Ramires PF, Tavella RA, Carvalho H, Da Silva J\u00fanior FMR. In the line of fire: Analyzing burning impacts on air pollution and air quality in an Amazonian city, Brazil. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2024;15:102033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apr.2023.102033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2023.102033"},{"key":"155454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmeiro-Silva Y, Llerena-Cayo C, Blanco-Villafuerte L, Rojas-Rueda D, Borchers Arriagada N, Vela-Clavo Z, et al. The 2024 South America ablaze: health impacts and policy imperatives for protecting population health in an era of wildfires. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2025;48:101160. https:\/\/10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101160"},{"key":"155455","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology; Committee on the Chemistry of Urban Wildfires. Human exposures, health impacts, and mitigation. In: The chemistry of fires at the wildland-urban interface. National Academies Press (US); 2022. Accessed: June 10 2025. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK588649\/"},{"key":"155456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantilla OGF, Ortiz LR, Quintero KG, Acosta KVP, Pach\u00f3n JE, Tangarife LSR, et al. Perception of air quality in Bogot\u00e1 and surrounding municipalities. 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Bogot\u00e1: Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas; 2025. Accessed: June 10 2025. Available at: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11349\/95722"},{"key":"155462","unstructured":"L\u00e1zaro LLB, Jacobi PR, Teixeira RLP. La crisis de los incendios en la regi\u00f3n amaz\u00f3nica: la cat\u00e1strofe ecol\u00f3gica de Am\u00e9rica del Sur y un llamado a la acci\u00f3n. Ambient Soc. 2024;27:e00006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1809-4422asoceditorialESP2024L5ED"},{"key":"155463","unstructured":"Malag\u00f3n-Rojas J. Protocol for a rapid review for wildfires, air quality and mortality in Latinamerica. Open Software Foundation. Date created: May 28 2025. Avalaible at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/6N3UF"},{"key":"155464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. 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Exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and sites pecific cancer mortality in Brazil from 2010 to 2016: A retrospective study. PLoS Med. 2022;19:e1004103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004103","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004103"},{"key":"155474","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye T, Xu R, Yue X, Chen G, Yu P, Co\u00ealho MSZS, et al. Short-term exposure to wildfirerelated PM2.5 increases mortality risks and burdens in Brazil. Nat Commun. 2022;13:7651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-35326-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35326-x"},{"key":"155475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nawaz MO, Henze DK. Premature deaths in Brazil associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 from Amazon fires between 2016 and 2019. GeoHealth. 2020;4:e2020GH000268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020GH000268","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GH000268"},{"key":"155476","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butt EW, Conibear L, Knote C, Spracklen DV. Large air quality and public health impacts due to Amazonian deforestation fires in 2019. Geohealth. 2021;5:e2021GH000429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021GH000429","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GH000429"},{"key":"155477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Requia WJ, Papatheodorou S, Koutrakis P, Mukherjee R, Roig HL. Increased preterm birth following maternal wildfire smoke exposure in Brazil. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022:240:113901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113901"},{"key":"155478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye T, Guo Y, Chen G, Yue X, Xu R, Co\u00ealho MDSZS, et al. Risk and burden of hospital admissions associated with wildfire-related PM2-5 in Brazil, 2000-15: A nationwide timeseries study. Lancet Planet Health. 2021;5:e599-e607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00173-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00173-X"},{"key":"155479","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao Y, Huang W, Yu P, Xu R, Gasevic D, Yue X, et al. Wildfire-related PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality: A difference-in-differences analysis in Brazil. Environ Pollut. 2024r;347:123810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123810"},{"key":"155480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves KDS, Cirino GG, Costa MOD, Couto LDOD, Tortelote GG, Hacon SDS. The potential impact of PM2.5 on the covid-19 crisis in the Brazilian Amazon region. Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica. 2023:57:67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11606\/s1518-8787.2023057005134","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2023057005134"},{"key":"155481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorenz C, Libonati R, Bel\u00e9m LBC, Oliveira A, Chiaravalloti RM, Nunes AV, et al. 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