{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T08:54:10Z","timestamp":1781600050513,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Project on Integration of Production and Education in Undergraduate Universities in Henan Province","award":["2023348073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023348073"]}]},{"name":"Research and Practice Project on Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform of Henan Agricultural University","award":["2024XJGLX002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024XJGLX002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009101","name":"Henan Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"2022 Research and Practice Project on Research-based Teaching Reform in Undergraduate Colleges and Universities","award":["2022SYJXLX097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SYJXLX097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing integration of technology has garnered significant attention across both educational and industrial domains, particularly concerning the development of engaging experiences for online users. This study aims to bridge several notable gaps in existing literature. Firstly, it examines the influence of key antecedents of flow\u2014namely perceived enjoyment, perceived visual appeal, interactivity, and intrinsic motivation in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted learning\u2014on the flow experience. Secondly, it evaluates the impact of intrinsic motivation in AI-assisted learning, flow experience, and educational effectiveness on continuous intention. Thirdly, it investigates the relationship between flow experience and educational effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To achieve these objectives, the study employed an online survey methodology, collecting data from a sample of 302 users of AI-assisted learning platforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicate that all examined antecedents\u2014perceived enjoyment, perceived visual appeal, interactivity, and intrinsic motivation in AI-assisted learning\u2014positively and significantly influenced flow experience. Additionally, continuous intention was significantly predicted by intrinsic motivation in AI-assisted learning and educational effectiveness, whereas flow experience did not directly predict continuous intention. Finally, flow experience emerged as a significant determinant of educational effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research makes a meaningful contribution to the theoretical advancement of flow experience theory in the context of online education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T08:13:43Z","timestamp":1781597623000},"page":"e3777","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decoding flow experience in AI-assisted learning: a comprehensive model linking flow antecedents to continuous intention"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Studies, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0285984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285984","article-title":"Self-efficacy and resilience as predictors of students\u2019 academic motivation in online education","volume":"18","author":"Abdolrezapour","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2022.100738","article-title":"Students\u2019 intention towards self-employment: an application of ELT theory on the effectiveness of entrepreneurial education types","volume":"21","author":"Adelaja","year":"2023","journal-title":"The International Journal of Management Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1145\/3330472.3330477","article-title":"Detecting common method bias: performance of the Harman\u2019s single-factor test","volume":"50","author":"Aguirre-Urreta","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1509500","article-title":"The impact of flow experience and personality type on the intention to use virtual world","volume":"35","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283282","DOI":"10.1080\/23311916.2023.2283282","article-title":"Educational technology: exploring the convergence of technology and pedagogy through mobility, interactivity, AI, and learning tools","volume":"10","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogent Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158244020947104","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244020947104","article-title":"Modeling blog usage from a developing country perspective using structural equation modeling (SEM)","volume":"10","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11959-3","article-title":"The relationship between technology acceptance and self-regulated learning: the mediation roles of intrinsic motivation and learning engagement","volume":"29","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3777\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102756","article-title":"Interactivity, inspiration, and perceived usefulness! 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