{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:06:47Z","timestamp":1780650407269,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Cultural and Tourism Development Research Project","award":["19WL57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19WL57"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early-stage ship design concept evaluation involves multiple conflicting criteria, uncertain expert judgments, and an increasing number of candidate schemes generated by modular design and Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC)-enabled workflows. However, existing Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making (MCGDM) studies in ship and marine engineering have mainly emphasized weighting and ranking procedures, while paying less attention to the systematic construction of hierarchical evaluation attribute sets and to parsimonious weighting under richer uncertainty representation. To address these gaps, this study proposes a hybrid Parsimonious q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Set Hierarchical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (P-q-ROFS-HMCDM) framework for ship design concept evaluation. The framework consists of three stages: (1) Large Language Model (LLM)-assisted attribute expansion, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)-based convergence, and K-Means-based hierarchical structuring for building a systematic evaluation attribute set; (2) hierarchical weight determination using the Parsimonious q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Set Analytic Hierarchy Process (P-q-ROFS-AHP) method to reduce expert comparison burden while preserving uncertainty modeling capability; and (3) alternative ranking using an improved q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Set Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (q-ROFS-MARCOS) method with a new score function. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study of a 42-inch fishing ship design, involving qualitative and quantitative criteria as well as uncertain group judgments. Sensitivity and comparative analyses show that the obtained rankings remain stable under different parameter settings and are generally consistent with other q-rung orthopair fuzzy set-based methods. These results demonstrate the practical feasibility and robustness of the proposed framework and suggest its potential as a scalable decision support tool for early-stage ship design evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:33:09Z","timestamp":1780648389000},"page":"e3923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A parsimonious q-rung orthopair fuzzy decision-making method for ship design concept evaluation"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Limin","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cruise and Yacht Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.02.036","article-title":"A new parsimonious AHP methodology: assigning priorities to many objects by comparing pairwise few reference objects","volume":"127","author":"Abastante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.59543\/kadsa.v2i.14809","article-title":"A comprehensive study on fault detection techniques for wheel bearings in rotating machinery: assessment of the LBF-MABAC model based on power strategies","volume":"2","author":"Asif","year":"2026","journal-title":"Knowledge and Decision Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2025.120899","article-title":"An interval type-2 fuzzy MARCOS modelling to assess performance effectiveness of survival craft on cargo ship","volume":"326","author":"Aydin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.118881","article-title":"A comprehensive approach to evaluate risk mitigation strategies in offshore wind farms using spherical fuzzy decision making analysis","volume":"311","author":"Ayyildiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2025.121588","article-title":"Reliability assessment of autonomous maritime navigation systems under uncertainty","volume":"333","author":"Bashan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2016.05.031","article-title":"An application of fuzzy-AHP to ship operational energy efficiency measures","volume":"121","author":"Besikci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s42044-025-00255-7","article-title":"Investigating the capabilities of two-stage clustering algorithms in automatically discovering categories of questions using Bloom\u2019s taxonomy","volume":"8","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran Journal of Computer Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2312.12806","article-title":"MedBench: a large-scale Chinese benchmark for evaluating medical large language models","author":"Cai","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2024.102698","article-title":"A decision framework for Chinese-style cruise ship design based on informativeness weight method and group consensus reaching model","volume":"62","author":"Cao","year":"2024a","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-024-01714-2","article-title":"A hybrid framework for selecting food waste treatment techniques using q-Rung orthopair fuzzy CRITIC-generalized TODIM method","volume":"26","author":"Cao","year":"2024b","journal-title":"International Journal of Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2018.01.039","article-title":"An interval type-2 fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS methods for decision-making problems in maritime transportation engineering: the case of ship loader","volume":"155","author":"Celik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11030607","article-title":"A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making framework for ship-equipment suitability evaluation using improved ISM, AHP, and fuzzy TOPSIS methods","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10333-6","article-title":"An integrated expert weight determination method for design concept evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022a","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20044-7","article-title":"A novel integrated MADM method for design concept evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022b","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12087","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-210184","article-title":"A novel hybrid approach for product concept evaluation based on rough numbers, shannon entropy and TOPSIS-PSI","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.59543\/kadsa.v1i.14021","article-title":"An innovative decision support model for the financial performance assessment: a study of BIST cement firms","volume":"1","author":"Demir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knowledge and Decision Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2020.108125","article-title":"A real case study on the selection of suitable roll stabilizer type for motor yachts using hybrid fuzzy AHP and VIKOR methodology","volume":"217","author":"Demirel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.3846\/tede.2024.20761","article-title":"A state-of-the-art review of the BWM method and future research agenda","volume":"30","author":"Ecer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-015-1133-6","article-title":"Hybrid MCDM based methodology for selecting the optimum maintenance strategy for ship machinery systems","volume":"29","author":"Emovon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54941\/ahfe1005576","article-title":"Semantic difference method for artificial intelligence assisted cruise ship cabin design","author":"Fang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2309.16289","article-title":"LawBench: benchmarking legal knowledge of large language models","author":"Fei","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.114976","article-title":"An advanced decision-making model for determining ship domain size with a combination of MCDM and fuzzy logic","volume":"283","author":"Fiskin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.114447","article-title":"Multi-criteria decision-making optimization model for permeable breakwaters characterization","volume":"280","author":"Gandomi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/18366503.2021.1878872","article-title":"An integrated MCDM approach for evaluating the ro-ro marine port selection process: a case study in black Sea region","volume":"13","author":"G\u00f6r\u00e7\u00fcn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.114820","article-title":"Site selection for floating photovoltaic system on dam reservoirs using sine trigonometric decision making model","volume":"281","author":"Gokmener","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.117788","article-title":"Evaluation of the second-hand LNG tanker vessels using fuzzy MCGDM approach based on the interval type-2 fuzzy ARAS (IT2F-ARAS) technique","volume":"303","author":"Gorcun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4066730","article-title":"Evaluating large language models for material selection","volume":"25","author":"Grandi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.118997","article-title":"A fuzzy logic-based risk assessment framework for the crude oil transportation supply chain","volume":"311","author":"Ilyas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6660868","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/6660868","article-title":"Ethical principles of integrating ChatGPT into IoT-based software wearables: a fuzzy-TOPSIS ranking and analysis approach","volume":"2025","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse12040550","article-title":"Development of augmented reality technology implementation in a shipbuilding project realization process","volume":"12","author":"Kunkera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2025.121085","article-title":"Efficient and lightweight deep learning model for enhanced ship detection in maritime surveillance","volume":"328","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2024.111417","article-title":"A novel q-rung orthopair fuzzy best-worst method, Shannon entropy and MARCOS method for mobile medical app service quality evaluation","volume":"155","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1145\/3732945.3732992","article-title":"Optimization and evaluation of computer-aided industrial design process for aquaculture vessels incorporating AIGC","author":"Lin","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21927","article-title":"Some q-Rung orthopair fuzzy aggregation operators and their applications to multiple-attribute decision making: q-RUNG ORTHOPAIR FUZZY AGGREGATION OPERATORS","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30997-0","article-title":"A MAGDM approach based on dual hesitant Q-rung orthopair fuzzy Dombi norm with Hamy mean operators and its application","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.117521","article-title":"Fuzzy Einstein-based decision-making model for the evaluation of site selection criteria of floating photovoltaic system","volume":"301","author":"Melek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.107447","article-title":"A novel parsimonious spherical fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for sustainable urban transport solutions","volume":"128","author":"Moslem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.112918","article-title":"Evaluating commuters\u2019 travel mode choice using the Z-number extension of parsimonious best worst method","volume":"173","author":"Moslem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.130498","article-title":"Spatial location optimization of e-Hub in Dublin, Ireland: a GIS-based spherical fuzzy AHP with parsimonious preference information","volume":"301","author":"Moslem","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781032634401-9","article-title":"Modeling resilient supplier selection criteria in desalination supply chain based on fuzzy DEMATEL and ISM","volume-title":"Sustainable Logistics Systems using Ai-Based Meta-Heuristics Approaches","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.119261","article-title":"Integrated analytic hierarchy process and multi-criteria decision-making approach: an application for unmanned underwater vehicle control method selection","volume":"312","author":"Nennioglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2025.100755","article-title":"Exploring q-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets based on multi criteria decision making: a systematic literature review","volume":"31","author":"\u00d6zta\u015f","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egyptian Informatics Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.17736\/ijope.2025.ak65","article-title":"A novel approach by combining fuzzy AHP and a simulation model to analyze suitability of ports for offshore wind farms","volume":"35","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-44","first-page":"635","article-title":"Towards efficient ship design: a review of methods and attributes for decision-making in ship selection","volume":"8","author":"Paipa-Sanabria","year":"2025","journal-title":"Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70051","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.70051","article-title":"Enhancing analytic hierarchy process modelling under uncertainty with fine-tuning LLM","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2024.103658","article-title":"An end-to-end categorizing strategy for green energy sources: picture q-rung orthopair fuzzy EXPROM-II: MADA approach","volume":"63","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13612","DOI":"10.3390\/su142013612","article-title":"The use of level based weight assessment (LBWA) for evaluating public participation on the example of rural municipalities in the region of Warmia and Mazury","volume":"14","author":"Pawlewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.110336","article-title":"Q-rung orthopair fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method for internet of things platforms selection","volume":"148","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119958","article-title":"Performance assessment of sustainable transportation in the shipping industry using a q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough sets-based decision making methodology","volume":"223","author":"Qahtan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-025-10432-2","article-title":"Three-way decision approach based on utility and dynamic localization transformational procedures within a circular q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set for ranking and grading large language models","volume":"17","author":"Qahtan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cognitive Computation"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5416","DOI":"10.3390\/app15105416","article-title":"Criteria analysis for the selection of a generative artificial intelligence tool for academic research based on an improved group DEMATEL method","volume":"15","author":"Radulescu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.59543\/f7febg22","article-title":"Archimedean T-norm based q-Rung orthopair fuzzy Hamy mean operator with ordinal priority weights","volume":"2","author":"Rawat","year":"2026","journal-title":"Intelligent Systems Research and Applications Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1908.10084","article-title":"Sentence-BERT: sentence embeddings using siamese BERT-networks","author":"Reimers","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2022.111498","article-title":"New hybrid multi criteria decision making method for offshore windfarm site location in Persian Gulf Iran","volume":"256","author":"Shahabaddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.19423\/j.cnki.31-1561\/u.2024.01.004","article-title":"Modular product family design method for customization of large cruise ships","volume":"35","author":"Shuai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ship & Boat"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15071357","article-title":"Solution for convergence problem in DEMATEL method: DEMATEL of finite sum of influences","volume":"15","author":"\u0160midovnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.59543\/ijsdg.v1i.17011","article-title":"Integrating analytic hierarchy process and parsimonious preference information for socio-economic sustainability assessment in urban public transport","volume":"1","author":"Solieman","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Development Goals"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2016.11.010","article-title":"Application of AHP and VIKOR methods under interval type 2 fuzzy environment in maritime transportation","volume":"129","author":"Soner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-023-01471-8","article-title":"A novel decision-making approach for product design evaluation using improved TOPSIS and GRP method under picture fuzzy set","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.114670","article-title":"Review of current regulations, available technologies, and future trends in the green shipping industry","volume":"280","author":"Tadros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2020.107383","article-title":"Effect of ship loading on marine diesel engine fuel consumption for bulk carriers based on the fuzzy clustering method","volume":"207","author":"Tien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12351-025-00952-y","article-title":"Evaluation of unmanned combat aerial vehicles using q-rung orthopair fuzzy entropy based multi-attribute border approximation area comparison method","volume":"25","author":"Turano\u011flu \u015eirin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Operational Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10010117","article-title":"Modular approach in the design of small passenger vessels for mediterranean","volume":"10","author":"Vladimir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99172-9","article-title":"A novel muirhead mean operators based decision algorithm with applications in the orientation of basketball players using circular q-rung orthopair fuzzy information","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10281","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10447204","article-title":"Can ChatGPT serve as a multi-criteria decision maker? A novel approach to supplier evaluation","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.15388\/23-INFOR516","article-title":"A lance distance-based MAIRCA method for q-Rung orthopair fuzzy MCDM with completely unknown weight information","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2502.15778","article-title":"One for all: a general framework of LLMs-based multi-criteria decision making on human expert level","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/09544828.2024.2362587","article-title":"Integrating AIGC with design: dependence, application, and evolution\u2014a systematic literature review","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Design"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2025.120914","article-title":"Modular rapid prototyping design method for container ships","volume":"326","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2016.2604005","article-title":"Generalized orthopair fuzzy sets","volume":"25","author":"Yager","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923\/ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2022.112959","article-title":"A hybrid probabilistic linguistic term set decision-making evaluation method and its application in the site selection of offshore wind power station","volume":"266","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"}],"container-title":["PeerJ Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-3923.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-3923.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-3923.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-3923.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:33:16Z","timestamp":1780648396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-3923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj-cs.3923","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2376-5992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2376-5992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"article-number":"e3923"}}