{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:44:01Z","timestamp":1765547041586,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a primary public health issue globally and in our country, which continues to increase due to poor awareness of the disease and lack of necessary preventive measures. COPD is the result of a blockage of the air sacs known as alveoli within the lungs; it is a persistent sickness that causes difficulty in breathing, cough, and shortness of breath. COPD is characterized by breathing signs and symptoms and airflow challenge because of anomalies in the airways and alveoli that occurs as the result of significant exposure to harmful particles and gases. The spirometry test (breath measurement test), used for diagnosing COPD, is creating difficulties in reaching hospitals, especially in patients with disabilities or advanced disease and in children. To facilitate the diagnostic treatment and prevent these problems, it is far evaluated that using photoplethysmography (PPG) signal in the diagnosis of COPD disease would be beneficial in order to simplify and speed up the diagnosis process and make it more convenient for monitoring. A PPG signal includes numerous components, including volumetric changes in arterial blood that are related to heart activity, fluctuations in venous blood volume that modify the PPG signal, a direct current (DC) component that shows the optical properties of the tissues, and modest energy changes in the body. PPG has typically received the usage of a pulse oximeter, which illuminates the pores and skin and measures adjustments in mild absorption. PPG occurring with every heart rate is an easy signal to measure. PPG signal is modeled by machine learning to predict COPD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During the studies, the PPG signal was cleaned of noise, and a brand-new PPG signal having three low-frequency bands of the PPG was obtained. Each of the four signals extracted 25 features. An aggregate of 100 features have been extracted. Additionally, weight, height, and age were also used as characteristics. In the feature selection process, we employed the Fisher method. The intention of using this method is to improve performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This improved PPG prediction models have an accuracy rate of 0.95 performance value for all individuals. Classification algorithms used in feature selection algorithm has contributed to a performance increase.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>According to the findings, PPG-based COPD prediction models are suitable for usage in practice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T10:21:42Z","timestamp":1671445302000},"page":"e1188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A new diagnostic method for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using the photoplethysmography signal and hybrid artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Engin","family":"Melekoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 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