{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:09:53Z","timestamp":1791227393249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81472860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81472860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key R & D Project of Hunan Province","award":["2020DK2002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020DK2002"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Developmental Biology and Breeding from Hunan Province","award":["2022XKQ0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XKQ0205"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011320","name":"Jishou University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["91602-111900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91602-111900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Gene expression data are often used to classify cancer genes. In such high-dimensional datasets, however, only a few feature genes are closely related to tumors. Therefore, it is important to accurately select a subset of feature genes with high contributions to cancer classification.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this article, a new three-stage hybrid gene selection method is proposed that combines a variance filter, extremely randomized tree and Harris Hawks (VEH). In the first stage, we evaluated each gene in the dataset through the variance filter and selected the feature genes that meet the variance threshold. In the second stage, we use extremely randomized tree to further eliminate irrelevant genes. Finally, we used the Harris Hawks algorithm to select the gene subset from the previous two stages to obtain the optimal feature gene subset.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We evaluated the proposed method using three different classifiers on eight published microarray gene expression datasets. The results showed a 100% classification accuracy for VEH in gastric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and ovarian cancer, and an average classification accuracy of 95.33% across a variety of other cancers. Compared with other advanced feature selection algorithms, VEH has obvious advantages when measured by many evaluation criteria.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T09:48:54Z","timestamp":1676281734000},"page":"e1229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A novel hybrid algorithm based on Harris Hawks for tumor feature gene selection"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Junjian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Hunan Normal University College of Mathematics and Statistics, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huicong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 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