{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:55:47Z","timestamp":1787673347541,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["IF-PSAU-2021\/01\/18563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF-PSAU-2021\/01\/18563"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a disease that manifests itself with a deterioration in all mental activities, daily activities, and behaviors, especially memory, due to the constantly increasing damage to some parts of the brain as people age. Detecting AD at an early stage is a significant challenge. Various diagnostic devices are used to diagnose AD. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) devices are widely used to analyze and classify the stages of AD. However, the time-consuming process of recording the affected areas of the brain in the images obtained from these devices is another challenge. Therefore, conventional techniques cannot detect the early stage of AD.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this study, we proposed a deep learning model supported by a fusion loss model that includes fully connected layers and residual blocks to solve the above-mentioned challenges. The proposed model has been trained and tested on the publicly available T1-weighted MRI-based KAGGLE dataset. Data augmentation techniques were used after various preliminary operations were applied to the data set.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The proposed model effectively classified four AD classes in the KAGGLE dataset. The proposed model reached the test accuracy of 0.973 in binary classification and 0.982 in multi-class classification thanks to experimental studies and provided a superior classification performance than other studies in the literature. The proposed method can be used online to detect AD and has the feature of a system that will help doctors in the decision-making process.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T09:07:46Z","timestamp":1698138466000},"page":"e1599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Residual block fully connected DCNN with categorical generalized focal dice loss and its application to Alzheimer\u2019s disease severity detection"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Adi","family":"Alhudhaif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences in Al-kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemal","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and 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