{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:00:44Z","timestamp":1784116844207,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2015BAD03B05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAD03B05"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","award":["IRT13019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT13019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Ovine milk is a rich source of bioactive proteins that supports the early growth and development of the newborn lambs. A large number of researches had targeted to the identification of ovine milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMPs), caseins (CNs), mastitis milk proteins in past years, but the dynamic change tendency of milk whey proteins during postnatal development has received limited attention. This research aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of ovine milk whey proteins after delivery, and explore the functions of whey proteins on early development of the newborns.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this research, Hu sheep milk samples were collected from six individuals by manual milking manner, at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 56 d after delivery, respectively. The milk whey proteins were identified and quantified by the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem MS (MS\/MS) methods. In addition, biological functions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A total of 310 proteins were identified , of which 121 were differentially expressed. In detail, 30 (10 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated), 22 (11 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated), 11 (four up-regulated and seven down-regulated), 11 (eight up-regulated and three down-regulated), 10 (six up-regulated and four down-regulated) DEPs were identified in 3 d vs. 0 d, 7 d vs. 3 d, 14 d vs. 7 d, 28 d vs. 14 d, 56 d vs. 28 d comparison groups, respectively. The GO annotation analysis revealed that biological process principally involved metabolic and biological regulation, the major cellular location were organelle, cell and extracellular region, and the mainly molecular function were binding and catalytic activity. Circadian rhythm, fatty acid biosynthesis and African trypanosomiasis were enriched by KEGG annotation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The study reveals a comprehensive understanding of Hu sheep milk proteome, suggesting whey proteins change dramatically in early development of newborn lambs, which provide a potential guidance for early weaning of lambs.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T09:16:25Z","timestamp":1602148585000},"page":"e10105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Exploration of ovine milk whey proteome during postnatal development using an iTRAQ approach"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xueying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"},{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin,  Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanhzou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangpeng","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10105\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2002.004","article-title":"Nervous system pathology: the fibrin perspective","volume":"383","author":"Akassoglou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10105\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10105\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.10.013","article-title":"Relationship between mammary morphology traits and milk yield of Sicilo-Sarde dairy sheep in Tunisia","volume":"96","author":"Ayadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10105\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2013.03.017","article-title":"Ovine subclinical mastitis: Proteomic analysis of whey and milk fat globules unveils putative diagnostic biomarkers in milk","volume":"83","author":"Chiaradia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Proteomics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10105\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-011-9461-5","article-title":"Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nicastrese goat and sardinia sheep mannose-binding lectin","volume":"50","author":"Cosenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemical Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10105\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1039\/C0MB00027B","article-title":"The bovine milk proteome: cherishing, nourishing and fostering molecular complexity. 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