{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:16:31Z","timestamp":1777356991802,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researcher supporting Project (RSP-2019\/3), King Saud University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Coccidian infection may enhance the proliferation of gut Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial infections in rabbits can negatively affect the body condition and cause high mortality, especially at young ages. Therefore, the effect of prebiotic supplementation on the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in rabbits experimentally infected with intestinal coccidiosis was investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty male rabbits aged 35\u201340 days were divided into three equal groups. These groups were; prebiotic supplemented (PS), positive control (PC), and negative control (NC) groups. The prebiotic group was supplemented with 2 g\/L of Bio-Mos\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      until the end of the experiment. At day ten post prebiotic supplementation; the PS and PC groups were inoculated orally with 5.0\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                      sporulated oocysts of mixed species of rabbit\n                      <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The daily fecal examination was carried out from the day 4 post-infection (PI) until the day 8 PI. At day 5 and day 8 PI, 5 rabbits from each group (PS, PC, and NC) were humanely slaughtered and parts of intestinal tissue were collected for microbiological analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significant decrease (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05) in the oocyst count in the PS group (25.12 \u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b1\u00a010.36) when compared with the PC group (43.43 \u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b1\u00a011.52) and this decrease was continued till the end of the experiment. Eleven\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were detected in the collected samples with an overall prevalence of 24.4%. The highest prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was in the PC group (13.33%) while the lowest one was in the PS group (4.44%). Meanwhile, four\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovars were isolated with an overall prevalence of 8.89%. The NC group showed one serovar (2.22%) and PC revealed three serovars (6.67%) while the prebiotic supplemented group didn\u2019t show any\n                      <jats:italic>salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate. Of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, five isolates (O78, O125, O152, O115 and O168) showed high resistance to florfenicol and neomycin (100%). Also, of\n                      <jats:italic>salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovars, thee serovars (\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella entrica<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp.\n                      <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Macclesfield,\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella entrica<\/jats:italic>\n                      Subsp\n                      <jats:italic>. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Canada and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella entrica<\/jats:italic>\n                      Subsp. enterica serovar Kisangani) showed high resistance to sulphamazole, amoxicillin and flumequin (75%) while it was sensitive to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacine (75%). The bacterial colony in this study was the same results at days 5 and 8 PI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The use of prebiotic as prophylaxis in this experiment significantly reduced the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      associated with the intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T05:35:23Z","timestamp":1611293723000},"page":"e10714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prebiotic supplementation effect on\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    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