{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:31:16Z","timestamp":1791235876255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANR AeroSNAIL","award":["ANR-19-CE11-0016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE11-0016-01"]}]},{"name":"BQR"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"\u201cLaboratoires d\u2019Excellences (LABEX)\u201d TULIP"},{"name":"CeMEB"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic> is one of the snail intermediate hosts of <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of intestinal schistosomiasis disease. Numerous molecular studies using comparative approaches between susceptible and resistant snails to <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection have helped identify numerous snail key candidates supporting such susceptible\/resistant status. The functional approach using RNA interference (RNAi) remains crucial to validate the function of such candidates. CRISPR-Cas systems are still under development in many laboratories, and RNA interference remains the best tool to study <jats:italic>B. glabrata<\/jats:italic> snail genetics. Herein, we describe the use of modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to enhance cell delivery, especially into hemocytes, the snail immune cells. Modification of siRNA with 5\u2032 Cholesteryl TriEthylene Glycol (Chol-TEG) promotes cellular uptake by hemocytes, nearly eightfold over that of unmodified siRNA. FACS analysis reveals that more than 50% of hemocytes have internalized Chol-TEG siRNA conjugated to Cy3 fluorophores, 2 hours only after <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> injection into snails. Chol-TEG siRNA targeting BgTEP1 (ThioEster-containing Protein), a parasite binding protein, reduced BgTEP1 transcript expression by 70\u201380% compared to control. The level of BgTEP1 protein secreted in the hemolymph was also decreased. However, despite the BgTEP1 knock-down at both RNA and protein levels, snail compatibility with its sympatric parasite is not affected suggesting functional redundancy among the BgTEP genes family in snail-schistosoma interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T08:59:41Z","timestamp":1614070781000},"page":"e10895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hemocyte siRNA uptake is increased by 5\u2032 cholesterol-TEG addition in <i>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/i>, snail vector of schistosome"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Portet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Galinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Lassalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Faille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,  United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United 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