{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:35:21Z","timestamp":1791488121808,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer related upper limb lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication in post-mastectomy patients. It is known to cause upper limb disability, which subsequently may affect the grip strength and hand function. There is little evidence on the objective assessment of functional activities particularly hand function in women with BCRL. Therefore, this study objectively assesses the handgrip strength and hand functions in women with BCRL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of women with (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a031) and without (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a031) BCRL. The Handgrip strength and hand functions were measured using a dynamometer and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results showed a significantly reduced handgrip strength in women with BCRL as compared to age-matched healthy adult women for both right and left hands (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Similarly, hand functions were significantly impaired in women with BCRL as compared to healthy adult women (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Reduction in handgrip strength and hand function in women with BCRL were clinically meaningful as indicated by moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.61 to 0.99 and 0.54 to 3.02, respectively) in all outcomes except power handgrip strength in left hand (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.38).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study indicate a significant reduction of hand grip strength and hand function in women with BCRL. Our findings suggest that objective measures of grip strength and function be included in the assessment of women with BCRL to better guide clinical decision making and patient care, which may include management of impairment associated with hand strength and function. Future studies that evaluate hand grip strength and function in a larger sample which includes a more diverse age group of women with BCRL are warranted to confirm the current findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T05:51:43Z","timestamp":1618293103000},"page":"e11252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment of hand function in women with lymphadenopathy after radical mastectomy"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Subham","family":"Mistry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, KPC Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taimul","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physiotherapy, Peerless Hospitex Hospital & Research Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Qasheesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid Ali","family":"Beg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Abu","family":"Shaphe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuzail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy & Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faizan Z.","family":"Kashoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy & Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr S.","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.11252\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31825f1538","article-title":"The handgrip strength test as a measure of function in breast cancer survivors: relationship to cancer-related symptoms and physical and physiologic parameters","volume":"91","author":"Cantarero-Villanueva","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.11252\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.02.020","article-title":"Should resistance exercise be recommended during breast cancer treatment?","volume":"75","author":"Clarkson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.11252\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0232","article-title":"Impact of lymphoedema on arm function and health-related quality of life in women following breast cancer surgery","volume":"40","author":"Dawes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.11252\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03017-3_10","article-title":"Classifying human hand use and the activities of daily living","volume-title":"The human hand as an inspiration for robot hand development. 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