{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:25:16Z","timestamp":1787963116201,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To determinate the association among socioeconomic status subject\u2019s mother\u2019s level of educational attainment, dental visits, and malocclusion in mixed dentition with on the OHRQoL of eight-to-ten-year-old children.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A cross-sectional study conducted, in 2019, on Mexican children from households of different socioeconomic status (SES). The prevalence of malocclusion was evaluated using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), while the SES of the participants\u2019 households was evaluated using the three categories (corresponding to a high, middle, or low-income household) stipulated by the <jats:italic>Consejo Nacional de Poblaci\u00f3n<\/jats:italic> (CONAPO or National Population Council). Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) was evaluated using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ<jats:sub>8-10<\/jats:sub>). Poisson regression models were performed for the analysis of the data obtained.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A total of 79.4% of the subjects presented some type of malocclusion in mixed dentition, which was, by severity, as follows: definite (31.3%); severe (25.6%); and, very severe (22.5%). The Poisson regression model revealed a greater negative impact on the following four CPQ<jats:sub>8-10<\/jats:sub>domains for children with severe\/very severe malocclusion [RR]: oral symptoms [2.78]; functional limitations [2.72]; emotional well-being [2.59]; and, social well-being [3.99]. A greater impact on the four CPQ<jats:sub>8-10<\/jats:sub>domains was found for children from a low-income household than for children from a high-income (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) household. Furthermore, poor oral hygiene, lack of dental visits, and the mother\u2019s level of educational attainment (&lt;9 years) were found to have a negative impact on OHRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The findings of the present study demonstrated that the severity of malocclusion was associated with a greater negative impact on the OHRQoL of children, while those children who face greater health inequalities are likely to report a greater negative impact on their OHRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T09:05:16Z","timestamp":1630487116000},"page":"e12062","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oral health-related quality-of-life scores differ by socioeconomic status, mother\u2019s level of education, dental visits and severity of malocclusion in mixed dentition of eight-to-ten-year-old schoolchildren"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Garc\u00eda P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico,  Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro Edgar","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Arag\u00f3n Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico,  Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilda","family":"Gonzalez Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Master\u2019s and Doctoral Program in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.05.008","article-title":"Orthodontics in children and impact of malocclusion on adolescents\u2019 quality of life","volume":"65","author":"Abreu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.11.021","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem on the oral-health-related quality of life of children with malocclusion","volume":"134","author":"Agou","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9897-4","article-title":"Oral-health-related quality of life in schoolchildren in an endemic fluorosis area of Mexico","volume":"20","author":"Aguilar-D\u00edaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.115700","article-title":"Oral health related quality of life","volume":"3","author":"Bennadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-5","first-page":"130","article-title":"Oral health-related quality of life and dental esthetics in Amsterdam schoolchildren","volume":"76","author":"Calis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry for Children"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-6","article-title":"Indices de Marginaci\u00f3n por Entidad Federativa y Municipio","author":"CONAPO","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-7","first-page":"e430-5","article-title":"Validation of the CPQ8-10ESP in Mexican school children in urban areas","volume":"16","author":"Del Carmen Aguilar-D\u00edaz","journal-title":"Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12062\/ref-8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Malocclusions and quality of life. 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