{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:52:42Z","timestamp":1783468362526,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005721","name":"Bielefeld University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In populations affected by mass disaster such as armed conflict and displacement, children are at risk of developing mental ill-health, in particular post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Valid and reliable screening instruments are needed to assess the severity of PTSD symptoms among children and to identify individuals in need of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the context of an ongoing war in the Middle East, we developed the KID-PIN as a semi-structured interview for PTSD symptoms that can be administered by trained paraprofessionals. To achieve a culturally and contextually appropriate instrument, the development was based on open-ended interviews with affected children and involved both local and international experts. Using the KID-PIN and instruments for constructs associated with PTSD, 332 Iraqi and Syrian displaced children were interviewed. A subset of the sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 86) participated in validation interviews based on experts applying the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5\u2014Child\/Adolescent Version (CAPS-CA-5).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The KID-PIN demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.94) with good convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analyses of the KID-PIN showed an acceptable fit with the DSM-5 and other common models; the best fit was reached with the Hybrid model. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the cut-off score of 28 or higher on the KID-PIN is the optimum cut-off for a probable PTSD diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The utility of the newly developed KID-PIN as a screening instrument for PTSD in children is supported by the measure\u2019s high internal consistency and good convergent and structural validity, as well as its diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T11:01:44Z","timestamp":1639566104000},"page":"e12403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The posttraumatic stress interview for children (KID-PIN): development and validation of a semi-structured interview of PTSD symptoms among displaced children in the Middle East"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hawkar","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"},{"name":"vivo International, Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Catani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"},{"name":"vivo International, Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Neuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"},{"name":"vivo International, Konstanz, 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