{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:23:54Z","timestamp":1790036634474,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Degree Scholarship for Lecturers of Beasiswa Pendidikan Pascasarjana Dalam Negeri"},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, Republic of Indonesia"},{"name":"Doctoral Candidate Grant of Universitas Indonesia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up. Only a few studies are available that reported on changes after treatment, which showed that in particular the transverse dimension, in patients with CLP is prone to changes after treatment. However, those studies did not pay attention to concomitant changes in the mandibular arch that occur after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate mandibular transverse dental arch dimensions and interarch transverse changes in patients with complete non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CUCLAP) up to five years after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective longitudinal study in 75 consecutive patients with CUCLAP directly after comprehensive treatment (T0), two (T2), and 5 years after treatment (T5). Great Ormond Street, London and Oslo (GOSLON) scores were available for all patients. Three-dimensional scans of all dental casts were made. Inter premolar and intermolar distances between the mandibular contralateral teeth were measured. The modified Huddart Bodenham (MHB index) was applied to assess the transverse interarch relationship. Paired t-tests and ANOVA were used to analyze transverse and interarch transverse changes. Linear regression analysis was done to define contributing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Paired t-tests showed a significant decrease of the mandibular inter first and second premolar distances (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and an increase of the inter second molar distance, whilst the MHB Index deteriorated at all time points for all segments and for the total arch score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Linear regression showed no significant contributing factors on the decrease of the transverse distances. However, inter arch transverse relationship was significantly affected by age at the end of treatment, missing maxillary lateral incisor space closure, and the GOSLON Yardstick score at the end of treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), especially during the first two years after treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes occurred in the mandibular arch expressed as changes in the transverse dimensions and interarch relationship measured by the MHB Index. A younger age at the end of treatment, space closure for a missing maxillary lateral incisor and a higher GOSLON score at the end of treatment negatively influence the interarch transverse deterioration especially in the first two years after treatment. For the transverse dimensional changes in the mandibular arch such influencing factors could not be determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T05:48:53Z","timestamp":1639633733000},"page":"e12643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long-term follow-up of mandibular dental arch changes in patients with complete non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sariesendy","family":"Sumardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benny S.","family":"Latief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Kuijpers-Jagtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin M.","family":"Ongkosuwito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center,  Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center,  Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewald M.","family":"Bronkhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center,  Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette A.R.","family":"Kuijpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center,  Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center,  Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12643\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.10.013","article-title":"Cessation of facial growth in subjects with short, average, and long facial types\u2014implications for the timing of implant placement","volume":"43","author":"Aarts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12643\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1597\/07-053","article-title":"Relapse tendency in maxillary arch width in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with different maxillary arch forms","volume":"45","author":"Al-Gunaid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12643\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.02.007","article-title":"Dental implant placement in alveolar cleft patients: a retrospective comparative study on clinical and aesthetic outcomes","volume":"49","author":"Alberga","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12643\/ref-4","article-title":"Parameters for evaluation and treatment of patients with cleft lip\/palate or other craniofacial differences","author":"American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial\u00a0Association","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12643\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00574.x","article-title":"Long-term vertical changes of the anterior maxillary teeth adjacent to single implants in young and mature adults. 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