{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:47:19Z","timestamp":1791564439356,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand"},{"name":"The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund"},{"name":"Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund"},{"name":"Toray Science Foundation"},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University","award":["CUFRB65_food(6)_114_23_44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUFRB65_food(6)_114_23_44"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bee pollen (BP) is full of nutrients and phytochemicals, and so it is widely used as a health food and alternative medicine. Its composition and bioactivity mainly depend on the floral pollens. In this work, BP collected by\n                    <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    with different monoculture flowering crops (BP1-6) were used. The types of floral pollen in each BP were initially identified by morphology, and subsequently confirmed using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Data from both approaches were consistent and revealed each BP to be monofloral and derived from the flowers of\n                    <jats:italic>Camellia sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.,\n                    <jats:italic>Helianthus annuus<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.,\n                    <jats:italic>Mimosa diplotricha<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nelumbo nucifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Xyris complanata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Ageratum conyzoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    for BP1 to BP6, respectively. The crude extracts of all six BPs were prepared by sequential partition with methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. The crude extracts were then tested for the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    (i)\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -amylase inhibitory, (ii) acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI), and (iii) porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory (PPLI) activities in terms of the percentage enzyme inhibition and half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). The DCM partitioned extract of\n                    <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>complanata<\/jats:italic>\n                    BP (DCMXBP) had the highest active\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -amylase inhibitory activity with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 1,792.48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a050.56 \u00b5g\/mL. The DCM partitioned extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. BP (DCMCBP) and\n                    <jats:italic>M. diplotricha<\/jats:italic>\n                    BP (DCMMBP) had the highest PPLI activities with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 458.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.4 and 500.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a024.8 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively), while no crude extract showed any marked AChEI activity. Here, the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    PPLI activity was focused on. Unlike\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. BP, there has been no previous report of\n                    <jats:italic>M. diplotricha<\/jats:italic>\n                    BP having PPLI activity. Hence, DCMMBP was further fractionated by silica gel 60 column chromatography, pooling fractions with the same thin layer chromatography profile. The pooled fraction of DCMMBP2-1 was found to be the most active (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 52.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5 \u00b5g\/mL), while nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed the presence of unsaturated free fatty acids. Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection analysis revealed the major fatty acids included one saturated acid (palmitic acid) and two polyunsaturated acids (linoleic and linolenic acids). In contrast, the pooled fraction of DCMMBP2-2 was inactive but pure, and was identified as naringenin, which has previously been reported to be present in\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pigra<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. Thus, it can be concluded that naringenin was compound marker for\n                    <jats:italic>Mimosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    BP. The fatty acids in BP are nutritional and pose potent PPLI activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T03:19:05Z","timestamp":1641179945000},"page":"e12722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["First report of fatty acids in\n                    <i>Mimosadiplotricha<\/i>\n                    bee pollen with\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    lipase inhibitory activity"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Phanthiwa","family":"Khongkarat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prapun","family":"Traiyasut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preecha","family":"Phuwapraisirisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanpen","family":"Chanchao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12722\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/BJI\/2017\/32441","article-title":"Phytochemical study and alpha-amylase inhibitory properties of leaf extracts of Croton zambesicus (M\u00fcll. 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