{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:40:24Z","timestamp":1784778024591,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK05010208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK05010208"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toads release toxic dry secretions from glands in their skin. Toxin possesses a wide range of biological effects, but little is known about its specific gene expression pattern and regulatory mechanisms. The Asiatic toad (<jats:italic>Bufo gargarizans<\/jats:italic>) is widely used to produce toxin. Here, we explored the gene expression of 30 tissue samples from three different skin sites (parotoid gland, dorsal skin, and abdomen skin) of<jats:italic>B. gargarizans<\/jats:italic>. After<jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>assembly, 783,130 unigenes with an average length of 489 bp (N50 = 556 bp) were obtained. A total of 9,248 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. There were 8,819 DEGs between the parotoid gland and abdomen skin and 1,299 DEGs between the dorsal skin and abdomen skin, while only 1,283 DEGs were obtained between the parotoid gland and dorsal skin. Through enrichment analysis, it was found that the detected differential gene expressions corresponded to the different functions of different skin sites. Our key findings were the genetic expression of toxin secretion, the protection function of skin, and the related genes such as<jats:italic>HSD3B<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cyp2c<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>LGALS9<\/jats:italic>. In conclusion, we provide useful transcript resources to study the gene expression and gene function of<jats:italic>B. gargarizans<\/jats:italic>and other amphibians. The detected DEGs between different sites of the skin provided better insights into the genetic mechanisms of toxin secretion and the protection function of skin for amphibians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T08:35:26Z","timestamp":1645518926000},"page":"e12993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparative transcriptomes of three different skin sites for the Asiatic toad (<i>Bufo gargarizans<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ambulatory surgery, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Xichang, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bisong","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Xichang, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, kChengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.09.021","article-title":"In vitro cardiotoxicity and mechanism of action of the Egyptian green toad Bufo viridis skin secretions","volume":"24","author":"Abdel-Rahman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicology in Vitro"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199403002120","article-title":"Lipids during Bufo arenarum oogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Bruzzone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0700","article-title":"Bufalin suppresses endometriosis progression by inducing pyroptosis and apoptosis","volume":"237","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-5","first-page":"169A","article-title":"Serotonin signals through a gut-liver axis to regulate hepatic steatosis","volume":"68","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323-","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323","article-title":"RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome","volume":"12","author":"Dewey","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.009","article-title":"Interleukin-33 induces the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 to promote inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated immunity","volume":"52","author":"Flamar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565","article-title":"CD-HIT: accelerated for clustering the next-generation sequencing data","volume":"28","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-9","first-page":"779","article-title":"Effects of long-term exposure to increased salinity on the amphibian skin bacterium erwinia toletana","volume":"80","author":"Gabriel","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6160","article-title":"Identification of anti-tumor components from toad venom","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncology Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-11","first-page":"197","article-title":"RNA-seq analysis provides insight into molecular adaptations of Andrias davidianus","volume":"229","author":"Geng","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Gerlich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72284-0","article-title":"Modulation of CYP2C9 activity and hydrogen peroxide production by cytochrome b(5)","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f3mez-Tabales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1883","article-title":"Full-length transcriptome assembly from RNA-Seq data without a reference genome","volume":"29","author":"Grabherr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.084","article-title":"Transcript sequence reconstruction from RNA-seq using the Trinity platform for reference generation and analysis","volume":"8","author":"Haas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-009-9608-6","article-title":"Ontogenetic Variation in the Chemical Defenses of Cane Toads (Bufo marinus): toxin Profiles and Effects on Predators","volume":"35","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e196496","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.6496","article-title":"HSD3B1 genotype and clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"6","author":"Hearn","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17145089","article-title":"Association between the genetic variants of glutathione peroxidase 4 and severity of endometriosis","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176","article-title":"Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND","volume":"12","author":"Huson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312684","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/312684","article-title":"Toad glandular secretions and skin extractions as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents","volume":"2014","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082363","article-title":"Modulation of gene expression in liver of hibernating asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans)","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.09.002","article-title":"Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors","volume":"13","author":"Kawai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R7-R","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-2-r7","article-title":"A comprehensive evolutionary classification of proteins encoded in complete eukaryotic genomes","volume":"5","author":"Koonin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13040-014-0034-0","article-title":"Performance of genetic programming optimised Bowtie2 on genome comparison and analytic testing (GCAT) benchmarks","volume":"8","author":"Langdon","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioData Mining"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0219245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219245","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 1 predicts favorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer","volume":"14","author":"Lanki","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-0113-x","article-title":"Further clarification of the contribution of the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene to suicidal behavior using systematic allelic and genotypic meta-analyses","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100060","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202100060","article-title":"Toad venom: a comprehensive review of chemical constituents, anticancer activities, and mechanisms","volume":"354","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim)"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.09.047","article-title":"Bufalin inhibits pancreatic cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest via the c-Myc\/NF-\u03baB pathway","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13319","article-title":"A large genome with chromosome-scale assembly sheds light on the evolutionary success of a true toad (Bufo gargarizans)","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-018-9780-z","article-title":"Biochemical analyses of proteins from duttaphrynus melanostictus (Bufo melanostictus) skin secretion: soluble protein retrieval from a viscous matrix by ion-exchange batch sample preparation","volume":"37","author":"Mariano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20190029","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-9199-JVATITD-2019-0029","article-title":"Protein identification from the parotoid macrogland secretion of Duttaphrynus melanostictus","volume":"25","author":"Mariano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-33","first-page":"364","article-title":"The presence of kynurenine aminotransferases in the human cornea: evidence from bioinformatics analysis of gene expression and immunohistochemical staining","volume":"23","author":"Matysik-Wo\u017aniak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-015-0186-5","article-title":"Variation in alkaloid-based microbial defenses of the dendrobatid poison frog Oophaga pumilio","volume":"25","author":"Mina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemoecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-35","article-title":"Japanese pharmacopoeia sixteenth edition","author":"Ministry of Medicine of Japan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.11.001","article-title":"Differentiation-specific localization of catalase and hydrogen peroxide, and their alterations in rat skin exposed to ultraviolet B rays","volume":"37","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Dermatological Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315007","article-title":"CROT (Carnitine O-Octanoyltransferase) is a novel contributing factor in vascular calcification via promoting fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"41","author":"Okui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030619","article-title":"NGS QC toolkit: a toolkit for quality control of next generation sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.12.007","article-title":"Antitumor activity of extracts and compounds from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor","volume":"11","author":"Qi","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312684","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/312684","article-title":"Toad glandular secretions and skin extractions as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents","volume":"2014","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh131","article-title":"UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase","volume":"32","author":"Rolf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9173-0_14","article-title":"BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness","volume":"1962","author":"Seppey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-43","article-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China","author":"State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the PRC","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G855","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00316.2015","article-title":"Prevention of gallbladder hypomotility via FATP2 inhibition protects from lithogenic diet-induced cholelithiasis","volume":"310","author":"Tharp","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-45","article-title":"Korean pharmacopoeia. Tenth edition monographs","author":"The Korea Food and Drug Administration,","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11911","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511706112","article-title":"Widespread convergence in toxin resistance by predictable molecular evolution","volume":"112","author":"Ujvari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6030","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.216","article-title":"Deregulation of MicroRNAs mediated control of carnitine cycle in prostate cancer: molecular basis and pathophysiological consequences","volume":"36","author":"Valentino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1118-2","article-title":"Fatty acid transport protein\u00a02 reprograms neutrophils in cancer","volume":"569","author":"Veglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2484","article-title":"RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2014.995174","article-title":"Bufadienolides and polyhydroxycholestane derivatives from Bufo bufo gargarizans","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Asian Natural Products Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145837","article-title":"Transcriptomic landscape of persistent diarrhoea in rhesus macaques and comparison with humans and mouse models with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"800","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184269","article-title":"Identification of antitumor constituents in toad venom by spectrum-effect relationship analysis and investigation on its pharmacologic mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-53","first-page":"207","article-title":"Advances on chemical constituents in crude medicines from toads","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2019.105445","article-title":"Identification of angiogenesis-inhibiting peptides from Chan Su","volume":"163","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein Expression and Purification"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-016-0440-z","article-title":"Genetic signals of high-altitude adaptation in amphibians: a comparative transcriptome analysis","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-017-0529-z","article-title":"Gene expression variations in high-altitude adaptation: a case study of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans)","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genetics"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W71","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky400","article-title":"WEGO 2.0: a web tool for analyzing and plotting GO annotations, 2018 update","volume":"46","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.070","article-title":"A certain role of SOD\/CAT imbalance in pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"123","author":"Yenkoyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omics-a Journal of Integrative Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W182","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm321","article-title":"KAAS: an automatic genome annotation and pathway reconstruction server","volume":"35","author":"Yuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918819117","article-title":"HSD3B1 genotype identifies glucocorticoid responsiveness in severe asthma","volume":"117","author":"Zein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112178","article-title":"Metabolites from Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842): a review of traditional uses, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control","volume":"246","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24010086","article-title":"Comparative analysis of hydrophilic ingredients in toad skin and toad venom using the UHPLC-HR-MS\/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS\/MS methods together with the anti-inflammatory evaluation of indolealkylamines","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.09.021","article-title":"Age-related gene expression and DNA methylation changes in rhesus macaque","volume":"112","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.12993\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.0c00840","article-title":"Bufadienolides from the eggs of the toad bufo bufo gargarizans and their antimelanoma activities","volume":"84","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Products"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/12993.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/12993.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/12993.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/12993.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:10:35Z","timestamp":1726704635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/12993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.12993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.12993","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"article-number":"e12993"}}