{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:45:55Z","timestamp":1768473955494,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["451-03-9\/2021-14\/200017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-9\/2021-14\/200017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of lithium treatment on gene expression and activity of the prefrontal antioxidant enzymes: copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganes superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in animals exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The investigated parameters were quantified using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analyses, and assays of enzyme activities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We found that lithium treatment decreased gene expression of SOD2, as well as the activities of SOD1 and SOD2 in chronically stressed rats to the levels found in unstressed animals. However, lithium treatment in animals exposed to CRS increased prefrontal GPx activity to the levels found in unstressed animals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These findings confirm that treatment with lithium induced the modulation of prefrontal antioxidant status in chronically stressed rats. Our results may be very important in biomedical research for understanding the role of lithium in maintaining the stability of prefrontal antioxidant defense system in neuropsychiatric disorders caused by chronic stress.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T10:15:22Z","timestamp":1648030522000},"page":"e13020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antioxidant defense system in the prefrontal cortex of chronically stressed rats treated with lithium"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ljubica","family":"Gavrilovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, \u201cVin\u010da\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Popovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, \u201cVin\u010da\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Stojiljkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, \u201cVin\u010da\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4573-2371","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sne\u017eana","family":"Peji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, \u201cVin\u010da\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Todorovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, \u201cVin\u010da\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9444-4758","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Predrag","family":"Vujovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sne\u017eana B.","family":"Pajovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, \u201cVin\u010da\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.13020\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00209","article-title":"Lithium protects against paraquat neurotoxicity by NRF2 activation and miR-34a inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"9","author":"Alural","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.13020\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.07.013","article-title":"Serum S100B and antioxidant enzymes in bipolar patients","volume":"41","author":"Andreazza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13020\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2648","article-title":"Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function","volume":"10","author":"Arnsten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.13020\/ref-4","article-title":"Catalase. 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