{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:17:14Z","timestamp":1791980234031,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONICYT \u2013National PhD scholarship Program 2016"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Chilean National Agency for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1160289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1160289"]}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1200636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200636"]}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1171259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1171259"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Chilean National Agency for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PIA\/BASAL FB0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA\/BASAL FB0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009610","name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In marine ecosystems, most invertebrates possess diverse microbiomes on their external surfaces, such as those found in the pedal mucus of grazing gastropods and chitons that aids displacement on different surfaces. The microbes are then transported around and placed in contact with free-living microbial communities of micro and other macro-organisms, potentially exchanging species and homogenizing microbial composition and structure among grazer hosts. Here, we characterize the microbiota of the pedal mucus of five distantly related mollusk grazers, quantify differences in microbial community structure, mucus protein and carbohydrate content, and, through a simple laboratory experiment, assess their effects on integrated measures of biofilm abundance. Over 665 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were found across grazers, with significant differences in abundance and composition among grazer species and epilithic biofilms. The pulmonate limpet\n                    <jats:italic>Siphonaria lessonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the periwinkle\n                    <jats:italic>Echinolittorina peruviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    shared similar microbiota. The microbiota of the chiton\n                    <jats:italic>Chiton granosus,<\/jats:italic>\n                    keyhole limpet\n                    <jats:italic>Fissurella crassa,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and scurrinid limpet\n                    <jats:italic>Scurria araucana<\/jats:italic>\n                    differed markedly from one another, and form those of the pulmonate limpet and periwinkle. Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidia) and Colwelliaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) were the most common among microbial taxa. Microbial strict specialists were found in only one grazer species. The pedal mucus pH was similar among grazers, but carbohydrate and protein concentrations differed significantly. Yet, differences in mucus composition were not reflected in microbial community structure. Only the pedal mucus of\n                    <jats:italic>F. crassa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. lessonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    negatively affected the abundance of photosynthetic microorganisms in the biofilm, demonstrating the specificity of the pedal mucus effects on biofilm communities. Thus, the pedal mucus microbiota are distinct among grazer hosts and can affect and interact non-trophically with the epilithic biofilms on which grazers feed, potentially leading to microbial community coalescence mediated by grazer movement. Further studies are needed to unravel the myriad of non-trophic interactions and their reciprocal impacts between macro- and microbial communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T05:36:10Z","timestamp":1663911370000},"page":"e13642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hidden interactions in the intertidal rocky shore: variation in pedal mucus microbiota among marine grazers that feed on epilithic biofilm communities"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Arboleda-Baena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, El Tabo, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Bel\u00e9n","family":"Pareja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isadora","family":"Pla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramiro","family":"Logares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"De la Iglesia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Chile"},{"name":"Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago de Chile, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Andr\u00e9s","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, El Tabo, Chile"},{"name":"Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago de Chile, Chile"},{"name":"Centro Basal COPAS-COASTAL, Universidad de 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