{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T20:50:40Z","timestamp":1723582240718},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia Project No","award":["GRANT455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRANT455"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Iodine is a vital mineral of the human body that acts by maintaining the health of the thyroid gland. Research has shown that iodine-rich food allergy (<jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>., seafood allergy) is not caused by iodine itself; instead, it is caused by other proteins including tropomyosin and parvalbumin in shellfish and fish, respectively. Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic agent containing a significant amount of iodine.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study\u2019s objective was to assess pharmacists\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the misconception of iodine allergy and the cross-reactivity with amiodarone.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In February 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted by sending out an online survey to three pharmaceutical organizations (Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Kuwait Pharmaceutical Association, and Oman Pharmaceutical Society). Additionally, an electronic questionnaire was administered to pharmacists attending the Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition 2020 (DUPHAT). Chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact test, when appropriate, were used to compare categorical variables. The statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data were collected from 66 respondents. However, only 61 (92.4%) were included in the final analysis following the exclusion of incomplete responses. The mean age of participants was 35 \u00b1 8.48 years. The majority of participants did not have the Board of Pharmacy Specialties Certification (54.1%). Moreover, (41%) of participants licensed as pharmacists with more than 10 years of initial pharmacy licensure. Forty-three (70.5%) of participants had the misconception that iodine allergy should be considered before amiodarone administration, 20\/32 (62.5%) of whom considered iodine allergy alone thought that premedication with corticosteroids and\/or antihistamines is necessary. Concerning iodine allergy and amiodarone use, there was no significant difference in knowledge between the pharmacists who have board certification and those who did not.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pharmacists\u2019 misconception concerning iodine allergy and cross-reactivity with amiodarone was evident. Implementation of educational programs targeting pharmacists is necessary to correct these misconceptions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T08:23:21Z","timestamp":1657268601000},"page":"e13665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating pharmacists\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practices toward amiodarone cross-reactivity with iodine: a cross-sectional pilot study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nura Abdullah","family":"Alshehab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munirah Abdullah","family":"Alhumaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Abdulrazaq","family":"Alabdulwahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz Saleh","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00310-9","article-title":"Pharmacists\u2019 knowledge about the impact of augmented renal clearance on antimicrobial dosing in critically Ill patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Almulhim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2993-1","volume-title":"Pharmacy practice research methods","author":"Babar","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i3.107","article-title":"Shellfish allergy and relation to iodinated contrast media: United Kingdom survey","volume":"6","author":"Baig","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000257622.99973.74","article-title":"Use of amiodarone in a patient with a shellfish allergy","volume":"100","author":"Beall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Southern Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.08.025","article-title":"Seafood allergy and radiocontrast media: are physicians propagating a myth?","volume":"121","author":"Beaty","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.25.3.429.61602","article-title":"Amiodarone use in patients with documented allergy to iodine-containing compounds","volume":"25","author":"Brouse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-7","volume-title":"Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition","author":"FAO\/WHO","year":"2005","edition":"2"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01094.x","article-title":"Incidence of amiodarone hypersensitivity in patients with previous allergy to iodine or iodinated contrast agents","volume":"32","author":"Lakshmanadoss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13665\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02737651","article-title":"Reactions to radiocontrast material. 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