{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:31:33Z","timestamp":1788946293034,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Niger Delta Development Commission"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With increasing food demand as a consequence of the growing world population, there is a corresponding demand for additional sources of phosphorus (P). Alum-phosphate (Al-P) sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment and can be a good source of P. In this study, the response of maize (\n                      <jats:italic>Zea mays<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) to Al-P sludge was tested. Maize was chosen as the test crop due to its prevalent use as human and animal food and as a source of biofuel. The objective of the study was to investigate Al-P sludge as a source of P compared to a commercial fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, MAP).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A growth chamber assay was conducted over four cropping cycles (45 d each). The application rate was 9.7, 19.4, 29.1 and 38.8 mg P kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      dry soil. Amendments were applied once at the start of the first cropping cycle. Plants were harvested after each cycle and pots were re-seeded. Dry matter yield (DMY), total P uptake, Al-P uptake, soil total P and Olsen-P concentrations, pH, and EC were measured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DMY was significantly greater in pots amended with Al-P sludge than in pots treated with MAP. There was a significant rate \u00d7 cropping cycle interaction effect on DMY with the differences among rates in cycle 1 different from those in cycle 4. Phosphorus uptake depended on cropping cycle, P source and P application rate. With sludge uptake higher than MAP in all cycles, the highest P uptake was observed at the highest application rate except for cycle 2 where this was observed at the rate of 29.1 mg kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . For MAP, phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) at the highest rate was significantly greater than that at the lowest rate whereas PRE in cycle 1 was significantly higher than that in cycle 4. In the first two cycles, aluminum uptake was negligible in both MAP and Al-P sludge treatments; however, in cycles 3 and 4, there was significantly more Al in maize from sludge amended pots. Our results show that Al-P sludge was as effective as MAP in supplying enough P for biomass yield. We, therefore, conclude that Al-P sludge could be an alternative source of P, especially for growing maize as feedstock for bioenergy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T04:21:18Z","timestamp":1660710078000},"page":"e13885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aluminum phosphate sludge as a phosphorus source for maize production under low soil phosphorus availability"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ayaobu","family":"Tolofari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Adesanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Zvomuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4309-2673","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.13885\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.52763\/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.62.1.2019.8.14","article-title":"Effect of phosphorus sources and their levels on spring maize","volume":"62B","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B: Biological 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